The Neotropical genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with the description of seven new species and the highest altitude record for the family Author Ferretti, Nelson Author Cavallo, Patricio Author Chaparro, Juan C. Author Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky Author Seimon, Tracie A. Author West, Rick text Journal of Natural History 2018 J. Nat. Hist. 2018-08-23 52 29 - 30 1927 1984 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1506521 journal article 10.1080/00222933.2018.1506521 1464-5262 4747249 1C028676-CCD9-4654-A755-6ACA3BCE3E98 Hapalotremus albipes Simon, 1903 ( Figures 1a , 7–9 , 36 ) Hapalotremus albipes : Simon, 1903: 930 , fig. 1083. Gerschman De Pikelín and Schiapelli 1973: 72 , figs 63–67. Schmidt 1986: 41 , fig. 12. Schmidt 1993: 10 , figs 1–6. Schmidt, 1993: 66 , figs 101–103. Pérez-Miles et al. 1996: 52 , fig. 23. Schmidt, 1997: 16 , figs 76–79. Vol 1999: 11 , fig. K. Schmidt 2003: 127 , figs 111–114. Cavallo and Ferretti 2015: 878 , fig. 3c. Type material Male holotype ( MNHN ) from Bolivia , Chaco . Male holotype not examined, only photos provided by F. Vol. Figure 11. (a–d) Hapalotremus major , male holotype (MCZ 142). (a, b) Male right palpal bulb. (a) Retrolateral view. (b) Prolateral view. (c. d) Palpal tibia. (c) Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. (d) Palpal tibia, ventral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. A, apical keel; DA, digitiform apophysis; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Rick West. Additional material examined Three females ( SMF 37093) from Bolivia , P . Klass col, only illustrations provided by F. Pérez- Miles ; one female ( MHNC –B) from Bolivia , La Paz , Murillo , Pongo , 3 km from Unduavi , 3600 m a . s .l., 7 July 1991 , E . Peñaranda col .; two females ( MHNC –B) from Bolivia , La Paz , Sud Yungas Figure 12. (a–g) Hapalotremus major , female paratype (MCZ 143). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Eyes, dorsal view. (d) Labium and maxillae. (e) Abdomen, dorsal view. (f) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (g) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: a–b, e: 5 mm; c–d, f–g: 1 mm. Photos: Rick West. Province , Unduavi , 3660 m a .s .l., 1 November 1990 , E . Peñaranda col .; six females and 10 immatures ( AMNH ) from Bolivia , Oruro , from a point between Coscapa to La Paz , 3200 m a .s .l., 24 October 1984 , L . E . Peña col .; one male ( AMNH ) from Bolivia , La Paz , Pacajes , Botijlaca (- 16.1919 S , - 68.1403 W ), 3600 m a .s .l., 2 October 1984 , L . E . Peña col. Etymology A compound word whose first element is the Latin adjective albus meaning white, and the second element is the genitive Latin noun pes meaning foot, that refers to the distinctive white-legged coloration ( Simon 1903 ). Amended diagnosis The following character combination, modified from Schmidt (1993) , is diagnostic for H. albipes . Carapace and legs entirely covered dorsally with white setae, except femora of legs and palps, which are dark grey ( Figures 1a , 7a , 9a ), abdomen dark with rounded dorsal median patch of reddish-orange urticating setae, and two or three white spots dorsally (more noticeably on females), the bigger spot is arrow-shaped, and with three or four white lines posterior laterally in each side of abdomen, reaching the urticating patch ( Figures 1a , 9c, d ). Labium wider than long bearing a reduced number of cuspules (6–13) ( Figures 7e , 9b, f ). Absence of spiniform setae on pro- and retrolateral coxal faces of legs I–IV. Metatarsi IV with no scopulae ( Figure 9h ). Male tibia I very short, more than 20% shorter than metatarsus I ( Figure 7g ). Male palpal tibia with retrolateral rounded process developed ( Figure 7h, i ). Palpal bulb base with a basal digitiform apophysis well-developed ( Figure 8a–d ); embolus thick and very curved to the retrolateral face and prolateral keels slightly developed; PI bearing a ventral medial crest pointed at distal end and located half way forward of embolus ( Figure 8a, b ). Female spermathecae consist of one receptacle with basal portion slightly wider than apical, apical lateral projections slightly developed and apical median region depressed ( Figure 9j ). Urticating setae: type III present on male and female and arranged in a dorsal median patch on the abdomen ( Figures 7c , 9c ). Figure 13. (a–i) Hapalotremus martinorum , male holotype (MLP 19152). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Eyes, dorsal view. (e) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (f) Tibial apophysis, ventral view. (g) Leg I, lateral view. (h) Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. (i) Palpal tibia, ventral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti. Variation (from additional material examined) Total length, females ( n = 3): 26.7–29.8 (mean = 28.3 ± 1.5SD); carapace length, females: 12.4–13.8 (13.1 ± 0.7); length of palp and legs, females: palp 17.8–20.4 (18.9 ± 1.3), I 25.4– 31.5 (27.9 ± 3.1), II 24.2–28.3 (26 ± 2.07), III 23.6–25.5 (24.8 ± 1.04), IV 31.4–33.4 (32 ± 1.15). Labial cuspules, females 10–13, maxillary cuspules, right 91–120, left 96–118. Distribution and habitat The holotype male described by Simon (1903) gives no indication other than ‘Chaco’ for the type locality and this involves a large region in Bolivia . In the same way, Schmidt (1993) described the female of H. albipes for the first time but did not provide a locality for those specimens, only ‘Bolivia’. A specimen of H. albipes is shown in Figure 1a and was located in La Paz ( Bolivia ) at about 4252 m a.s.l., near the type locality. Here, we provide records of this species for Unduavi, Coscapa and Botijlaca (among 3200 and 3600 m a.s.l.), Bolivia ( Figure 36 ). These sites are located east of Cordillera Real on the edge of the Yungas region, which constitutes a transition between the highlands of the Andes and the tropical lowlands of the Amazon rainforests. The annual average temperature of this area is 17.4°C with monthly average values ranging from 15°C in June and 19°C in December. The average annual precipitation is 725 mm , with a dry season from May to August and a wet season from December to February (www.censosbolivia.ine.gob.bo).