Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean Author Anzaldo, Salvatore S. School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA sanzaldo@asu.edu text ZooKeys 2017 2017-07-07 683 51 138 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080 1313-2970-683-51 D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32 FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404 1149788 Trichodocerus Chevrolat, 1879: XCII Figs 1 , 20 , 37 , 67 = Mallerus Bondar, 1946: 86 [Syn.: Bondar 1947 : 294]. Type species: Mallerus antiquus Bondar, 1946 [by original designation]. Type species. Trichodocerus spinolae Chevrolat, 1879 [by subsequent designation: Champion 1906: 713]. Gender. Masculine. Figures 67-70. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Trichodocerini and Piazurini . Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 67a-b Trichodocerus spinolae [ARTSYS0000534] 68a-b Cratosomus lafontii [SSAC0001133]; scale bars = 10 mm 69a-b Lobops bonvouloiri [ARTSYS0000527] 70a-b Piazurus caprimulgus [SSAC0001113]. Diagnosis. Trichodocerus is easily separated from all other genera treated here by the loose antennal club, the presence of elongate setae on the club and funicular articles, contiguous procoxae, a prosternal rostral channel with the lateral margins strongly converging and meeting below the procoxae, a mesoventrite with a transverse ventrally produced ridge anterior to mesocoxae and the mesoventrite posterior to ridge with dense yellow scales (Fig. 1 ), and the presence of stridulatory plectra on the male seventh abdominal tergite. Funicular article 1 is short and globose, the hind femora are not carinate and ventrally with one or no teeth, the femoral apices are always unarmed at the lateral and mesal faces, the eyes of most species have a distinct lower constriction lateral to rostral insertion (Fig. 37 ), the abdominal ventrites are slightly ascending, and the pygidium is concealed (slightly exposed in male T. spinolae and male of at least 1 undescribed species). Notes. The contiguous procoxae efficiently separates Trichodocerus from all genera except some species of the very different Zygops . The yellow scales of the mesocoxae and mesoventrite have also been observed in Arachnomorpha Champion, 1906 (on the pro- and mesocoxae), Microzygops Champion, 1906 (on the procoxae), and some species of Lechriops and Macrocopturus (on the pro- and mesocoxae and ventrally on the mesofemora), but in those genera they are not also present on the mesoventrite between the mesocoxae. Phylogenetic relationships. The numerous features that easily separate Trichodocerus from the rest of the conoderines are potentially indicative of improper placement in the Conoderinae , however, the same unique characters prevent confident reassignment to another group of Curculionidae . Champion (1906: 713) noted the similarity of the antennal funicle to Hedycera Pascoe, 1870, a South American genus here reassigned to the Piazurini . Host associations. The genus is apparently nocturnal, with most observed specimens being collected at UV light traps - 488 specimens were collected by Wolda et al. (1998) , representing three of the 17 species of Conoderinae with more than 10 specimens collected. One undescribed species has been reared from balsa, Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb. ( Malvaceae : Bombacoideae Burnett) (Hespenheide, personal communication). An observed specimen of T. brevilineatus Champion, 1906 [STRI_ENT_008474] was recorded from dead branches of balsa and an undescribed species [SSAC0001000] was collected on balsa leaves; another observed undescribed species has been collected on dead branches of Pachira sessilis Benth. ( Bombacoideae ) [STRI_ENT_0084793]. Described species. Two species are known from the focal region and one additional described species occurs in South America. I have accumulated and distinguished over 20 species of Trichodocerus new to science as part of a revision currently in preparation. Range. Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama; South America. Undescribed species are also known from Mexico.