A review of Mexican Stamnodes (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) with the description of 16 new species Author Matson, Tanner A. text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-12-14 911 1 79 https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2371/10397 journal article 10.5852/ejt.2023.911.2371 2118-9773 10376790 DB29E6F1-7925-46DB-8C9E-055C639203CE Stamnodes patamon ( Druce, 1893 ) Figs 24 , 55 , 94–95 Marmopteryx patamon Druce, 1893: 178 , ibidem 3: pl. 58 figs 7–8. Type locality: 6000 ft , Amula, Guerrero , Mexico . [NHMUK]. Stamnodes patamon – Scoble 1999: 902 (catalogue). — Scoble & Hausmann 2007 (online catalogue). — Rajaei et al. 2022 (online catalogue). Redescription Druce’s original description of S. patamon did not include genitalic morphology. To his description, the following genitalic redescription and associated images are supplemented: MALE GENITALIA ( Fig. 55 ). Uncus long, narrow, slightly enlarged at apex. Inner face of valva with about five, long, sickle-shaped sclerotized ribbons originating from basal tubercle. Juxta cat-faced with stiff, crossing, submedial setae on posterior surface. Vesica with large spinose cornutus and adjacent patch of several hundred filamentous cornuti. FEMALE GENITALIA . No material available for study. Distribution Mexico : Stamnodes patamon is primarily known to inhabit the pine-oak forests of the Northern Oaxaca Highlands and Sierra Madre del Sur, ranging north and westward into the Sierra Madre Occidental to at least western Durango . Reviewed material was often collected at elevations around 2000 m . Biology Stamnodes patamon is bi- or multivoltine, with adult records in March, April, May, and October. The immature stages of this taxon remain unknown, but its phylogenetic kin are mountain mahogany ( Cercocarpus ) feeders (Matson & Wagner in prep.). Molecular characterization Stamnodes patamon is represented in BOLD as BIN: BOLD:ABU6207 (n = 3). At present, the average pairwise intraspecific distance is 0.71%, the pairwise maximum intraspecific distance is 1.01%, and the distance to the nearest neighbour, Stamnodes sp. (?undescribed) (n = 1, Nuevo León ), is 3.53%. Remarks During my review of this species, I came across individuals from the Sierra Madre Occidental that were located as far north and west as western Durango , which was surprising as I had previously considered S. patamon to be exclusive to the Sierra Madre del Sur. However, after examining the male genitalia of these individuals from Durango , I regard them as the same species. Figs 90–93. Final instar larval variation of North American species of Stamnodes Guenée, [1858] . 90 . S. albiapicata Grossbeck, 1910 , collected from Pholistoma membranaceum (Benth.) Constance ; USA: California: San Diego Co. (2017C29); photo credit Moria L. Robinson. 91 . S. coenonymphata ( Hulst, 1900 ) collected from Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. ; USA: California: Sonoma Co. (2018E171). 92 . S. formosata ( Strecker, 1878 ) collected from Cercocarpus montanus Raf. ; USA: Arizona: Cochise Co. (2014K98), photo credit David L. Wagner. 93 . S. fergusoni Matson & Wagner, 2020 , collected from Salvia pinguifolia (Fernald) Wooton & Standl. ; USA: New Mexico: Lincoln Co. (2018J32), photo credit David L. Wagner ( Matson & Wagner 2020 ). A population that resembles S. patamon ( S . nr patamon in Fig. 95 ) also extends into the northernmost areas of the Sierra Madre Oriental. Vitor Becker collected individuals in Gómez Farías, Tamaulipas, in May of 1997, and in Cerro Potosí, Nuevo León, in June of 1997. Unfortunately, I could only examine photographs of this material sent to me by Becker, as all but one specimen are held in his collection in Brazil , where regulations often prohibit biological material from leaving the country. However, one individual ( Fig. 23 ) from Becker’s collection in Cerro Potosí is deposited at the USNM and has been barcoded. This specimen appears somewhat aberrant compared to most of the rest of Becker’s series and may represent yet another questionable entity. The COI barcode (BOLD Process ID: LNAUY180-19) was found to be 3.5% (pairwise) different from Oaxacan S. patamon . Although S. patamon from Durango, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and the putative S . nr patamon individuals from Nuevo León and Tamaulipas bear a subapical white patch on the forewing, this feature is lacking in the sequenced individual. The sequenced individual also has an overall lighter cream ground colour, and the medial transverse white patch on the hindwing underside appears straighter than the more arcing norm for S. patamon . Unfortunately, the sequenced individual is female, so I could not compare its genitalia to the entirely male series of S. patamon available for this study, nor to the putative individuals of S . nr patamon from Nuevo León and Tamaulipas in Becker’s collection in Brazil . For now, the sequenced individual will be regarded as the sole representative of a potentially undescribed species that warrants further investigation. In the Discussion and Figs 94 and 95 , it is listed as Stamnodes sp. (?undescribed).