Fabaceae Lindl. in a Conservation Unit in the Semi-Arid Region of Paraíba, Brazil Author Gomes, Aureliana Santos Departamento de Geografia - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande: - Campus I, Centro de Humanidades. Unidade Acadêmica de Geografia-UAG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58428 - 830, Brasil. Author Rodrigues, Erimágna De Morais Author Moura, Débora Coelho Departamento de Geografia - Universidade Federal de Campina Grande: - Campus I, Centro de Humanidades. Unidade Acadêmica de Geografia-UAG, R. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58428 - 830, Brasil. Author Melo, José Iranildo Miranda De Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação - Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Av. das Baraúnas 351, Campus Universitário, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429 - 500, Brasil. Author Ribeiro, Rayane De Tasso Moreira Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Taxonomia Vegetal (LATAX), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s / n, Campus Dois Irmãos, 52.171 - 900, Recife, PE, Brasil. Author Queiroz, Rubens Teixeira De Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - Campus I, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Jardim Universitário, Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, PB, 58051 - 900, Brasil. & Author for correspondence: rbotânico @ gmail. com text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-07-19 555 1 17 41 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.2 journal article 102841 10.11646/phytotaxa.555.1.2 2e2412c5-4709-4f24-b489-db901a316721 1179-3163 6875635 3. Ancistrotropis peduncularis (Fawcett. & Rendle 1920: 68) A. Delgado (2011: 1704) . ( Fig. 3e ) Climbing , branches scabrous, inermous. Nectary absent. Stipules lateral, narrowly–triangular. Leaves imparipinnate, 3–foliolate, leaflets opposite, ovate, venation actinodromous, translucid punctuation absent. Inflorescence raceme, axillary. Flowers pedicellate, asymmetrical, diplostemonous; calyx gamosepalous, sepals 5, corolla dialypetalous, papilionaceous, lilac, petals 5; androecium diadelphous, heterodinamous, anthers longitudinal; ovary superior, sessile, pluriovulate. Fruit legume, sessile, linear, cylindrical, margin straight, epicarp scabrous. Seeds reniform, cylindrical, coat gray, hilum central. Examined material:— BRAZIL . Paraíba : Maturéia , Pico do Jabre , 800 m elev., 22 February 2019 , fl. & fr., Aureliana Gomes 3014 ( HACAM ) . Distribution and ecology:— It is distributed in the Neotropical region; in Brazil , it can be found in the North (AM, PA, RO), Northeast (BA, PB), Central-West (DF, GP, MS, MT), Southeast (MG, SP) and South (PA, RS) regions, in the domains of the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Rainforest and Pantanal (BFG 2018; Rodrigues et al. 2020 ). Phenology:— Registered with flowers and fruits in February. Taxonomic discussion:— Ancistrotropis peduncularis can be recognized, mainly, by the vine habit, scabrous branches, trifoliolate, opposite leaflets and lilac corolla. It has similarities with the species of Macroptilium due to the shape of the leaflets, but they are distinguished by the colors of the petals being Ancistrotropis lilac and scabrous branches versus red and tomentose branches in Macroptilium .