A review of the flea genus Phalacropsylla Rothschild, 1915 (Siphonaptera, Ctenophthalmidae, Neopsyllinae, Phalacropsyllini) with new host and distributional recordsAuthorAcosta, RoxanaAuthorHastriter, Michael W.textZooKeys20176752743http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.12347journal articlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.675.123471313-2970-675-27837246B195C74CADB21B5CE91E1F5E3EPhalacropsylla allos Wagner, 1936Phalacropsylla allos
Wagner, 1936: 657.
Phalacropsylla monticola
Augustson, 1941a: 144-145, 1941b: 156.
Phalacropsylls allos
Ewing & Fox, 1943: 85; Jellison & Good, 1942: 124, 161;
Jellison et al., 1943
: 6, 17.
Phalacropsylla monticola
Hubbard, 1943: 6.
Phalacropsylla allos
Stanford, 1944: 176; Costa Lima & Hathaway, 1946: 184.
Phalacropsylla monticola
Costa Lima & Hathaway, 1946: 184; Hubbard, 1947: 339.
Phalacropsylla allos
Hubbard, 1947: 340-341; Holland, 1949: 9; Tipton, 1950: 65; Williams & Hoff, 1951: 313;
Jellison et al., 1953
: 613.
Phalacropsylla monticolaJellison et al., 1953
: 613.
Phalacropsylla allos
Stark, 1958: 82; Wiseman, 1955: 25; Smit & Wright, 1965: 10; Beck, 1966: 77; Hopkins & Rothschild, 1966: 301; Senger, 1966: 106; Allred, 1968: 77; Douglas, 1969: 493; Stark & Kinney, 1969: 290-293; Tipton & Saunders, 1971: 18; Weindner, 1972: 75;
Haas et al., 1973
: 284-285; Jellison & Senger, 1973: 67; Lewis, 1974: 153; Nelson and Smith, 1980: 274; Eads and Campos, 1982: 243-245;
Campos et al., 1985
: 266, 269; Holland, 1985: 125-126; Thomas, 1988: 89;
Lewis et al., 1988
: 91; Baird & Saunders, 1992: 9;
Fagerlund et al., 2001
: 95;
Ford et al., 2004
: 24-25, 30-31; Acosta & Morrone, 2013: 335-336, 338, 340-342.
Diagnosis.Phalocropsylla allos
males lack a well-defined sinus in the apico-ventral margin of the basimere above acetabulum (Fig. 2). This feature is shared only with
P. oregonensis
(Fig. 4) and
P. morlani
, but may be distinguished from the former by the absence of long bent spiniform setae on the apical margin of the distal arm of S-IX and from
P. morlani
by the presence of a hyaline lobe on anterior margin of distal arm of S-IX (Fig. 3) and an acutely pointed crochet. The lobe on the caudal margin of S-VII of the females of
P. allos
and
P. nivalis
is each longer than broad, whereas the lobes of other species are broader than long. The ratio of
P. allos
is 1.9 times as long as broad, whereas
P. nivalis
is only 1.5 times as long as broad.
Figures 2-5. 2
Phalacropsylla allos
male basimere and telomere. Arrows define ventral margin of basimere without sinus 3
Phalacropsylla nivalis
male basimere, telomere, distal arm of S-IX, and aedeagus. White arrows define margin of sinus in ventral margin of basimere. AA = angular apex of basimere; HL = hyaline lobe of distal arm of S-IX 4
Phalacropsylla oregonensis
, male holotype basimere, telomere, and distal arm of S-IX. Arrow indicates small sinus in ventral margin of basimere 5
Phalacropsylla paradisea
, male basimere, telomere, and distal arm of S-IX. Arrows define margin of deep sinus on ventral margin of basimere. Scale = 0.2 mm
Material
examined.
USA: Arizona, San Francisco Mts., 18 X 1989, G.E. Haas, 4♂, 4♀ (BYUC). California, Siskiyou County,
N. cinerea
(Ord) nest, 9 XII 1976, B.C. Nelson, 4♂, 2♀;
N. cinerea
, 31 I 1980, C.R. Smith, 1♂ (USNM). Idaho, Idaho Falls, National Reactor Testing Site (NRTS), Bonneville County,
N. cinerea
, 20 VIII 1967, D.E. Beck (1♂, 1♀); same data except rodent nest, 17 II 1967, (1♂);
Onychomys leucogaster
(Wied-Neuwied), 22 IX 1966, 2♀ (BYUC). Montana, Jefferson County, Morrison cave near White Hall,
Neotoma
sp., 31 XII 1940, H.B. Mills, 1 ♂; Ennis, in cave,
Neotoma
nest, II 1941, W.L. Jellison and G.M. Kohls, 1 ♂, 2♀ (CMNH); 1♂, 1♀ (BYUC). Nevada, Clark County, Spring Mts.,
N. cinerea
nest, 5 VI 1985, 2♂, 2♀ (BYUC). New Mexico, Sandoval County, W edge Valle Grande, 2637 m, Jemez Mts.,
N. cinerea
nest, 18 IX 1970, Animal Ecology Research Unit (AERU), 20♂, 16♀; Cibola County, N side Ice Cave Canyon, 2424 m, Jemez Mts.,
N. cinerea
nest, 21 IX 1970, AERU, 2♂, 1♀; Sierra County, SW side Cerro del Medio, 2652 m, Jemez Mts.,
N. cinerea
nest, 21 IX 1970, 1♂, 2♀; W edge Valle Grande, 2622 m, Jemez Mts.,
N. cinerea
♂, 25 IX 1970, 1♂; SE corner Baca location no. 1, Line 17, rocks with Dome Meadow,
Neotoma mexicana
Baird ♀, 16 X 1970, 1♂; Lincoln County, midden mix, 6 VIII 1991, G.E. Haas, 2♂, 1♀ (BYUC). Utah, Beaver County, Delano Ranger Station,
Peromyscus maniculatus
(Wagner), 25 VI 1957, D.M. Allred, 1♂, 1♀; Utah County, Provo, woodrat nest, 13 XI 1948, N.C. Acraia, 11♂, 13♀, (BYUC); same data except 2♂, 3♀ (CMNH),
N. cinerea
, 12 XI 1949, Allan Dotty, 1♂, 1♀ (USNM); Provo, Rock Canyon,
N. cinerea
nest, 15 IX 1949, V.J. Tipton, 3♂, 1♀; Provo, woodrat nest, 13 XI 1948, N.C. Acraia, 1♂, 2♀, (CMNH);
N. cinerea
nest, 12 XI 1949, A. Doty, 14♂, 21♀; Provo, Rock Canyon,
N. cinerea
nest, 13 XI 1948, 1♀; Provo, woodrat nest, 6 XI 1948, N.C. Acraia, 1♀; Provo, Rock, Canyon,
N. cinerea
nest, 24 XI 1949, D.M. Allred, 4♀; Provo, Rock Canyon,
N. cinerea
nest, 24 II 1951, D.E. Beck and D.M. Allred, 3♂; Provo,
Buckley's
Mine,
N. cinerea
nest, 21 X 1950, D.M. Allred, 1♀; East of Provo,
N. cinerea
nest, 30 III 1951, D.E. Beck and D.M. Allred, 4♂, 3♀; Provo,
N. cinerea
, 25 XI 1948, N.C. Acraia, 2♂, 3♀ (BYUC).
Remarks.Phalacropsylla allos
is the most widely spread species of
Phalacropsylla
, occurring in southern British Columbia, Arizona, central to northern California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming (Fig. 1). It is sympatric with
P. paradisea
in Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. The vast majority of specimens examined were recorded from
N. cinerea
throughout it range, with single records from
N. mexicana
(1♂),
Onychomys leucogaster
(2♀), and
P. maniculatus
(1♂, 1♀). No other species of
Phalacropsylla
have been collected from
N. cinerea
(Table 1). Most of the specimens from nests of
N. cinerea
were collected during the cooler fall and winter months from September through February. Only one collection of three males was reported in a warmer period (June) and this site was inside a cool mine shaft (Buckley Mine) located at an elevation of 2896 m. We did not examine specimens of
P. allos
reported by
Eads and Campos (1982)
from
N. mexicana
(1♂),
Peromyscus difficilis
(J.A. Allen) (3♂, 1♀),
P. maniculatus
(1♂, 1♀),
Reithrodontomys megalotis
(Baird) (1♀) from Larimer County, Colorado; however, these specimens reported from the eastern slopes as
P. allos
by
Eads and Campos (1982)
were collected from March through August during the warmer months at elevations from 1600-1900 m. Although they collected during all months of the year,
P. allos
specimens were not collected from September through February. This seasonal disparity is enigmatic and warrants future collecting and studies.
Figure 1. Distribution of
Phalacropsylla
species in the Canada, Mexico, and the Western United States. Arrows define same locality for two species.