Integrative taxonomy of Hemimycale (Hymedesmiidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from Southeastern Brazil, with the description of two new species Author Huguenin, Larissa Author Salani, Sula Author Lopes, Maira F. Author Albano, Rodolpho M. Author Hajdu, Eduardo Author Esteves, Eduardo Leal text Zootaxa 2018 2018-06-29 4442 1 137 152 journal article 29798 10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.7 495f641b-a25a-4868-a6b9-3e0a8fab658c 1175-5326 1301316 74524311-AEF6-479C-A56A-BDA0127C2DE2 Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. ( FIgURES 2 , 4 ; TAbLES 2 , 3 ) Material examined. Holotype MNRJ 21303 , JORgE GREgO ISLANd ( 23° 13’ 15.03”S , 44° 09’ 14.88”W ), OFF ILhA GRANdE, ANgRA dOS REIS , RIO dE JANEIRO STATE , 12 m dEPTh, cOLL. E.L. ESTEVES, SEPTEmbER 11, 2013 . SLIdES OF cROSS SEcTIONS ANd dISSOcIATEd SPIcULES FROm ThE hOLOTYPE ARE dEPOSITEd UNdER UERJPOR 206 . Paratypes : UERJPOR 188 (SAmE dATA AS FOR ThE hOLOTYPE ) ; UERJPOR 203, SAmE LOcALITY, dEPTh ANd dATE OF cOLLEcTION AS FOR ThE hOLOTYPE ANd PARATYPE 188, cOLL. H. FORTUNATO. Etymology. ThE NEw SPEcIES wAS NAmEd “ ceadensis ” IN REcOgNITION OF ThE hISTORIcAL ANd ScIENTIFIc VALUE OF ThE CENTER FOR ENVIRONmENTAL STUdIES ANd SUSTAINAbLE DEVELOPmENT (CEADS/UERJ), AS A cENTER FOR ThE dEVELOPmENT OF RESEARch ANd EdUcATIONAL AcTIVITIES cONdUcTEd AT ILhA GRANdE, RIO dE JANEIRO STATE. FIGURE 4. Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. , fixed Specimen, Skeleton and SpiculeS; (A) Paratype 203; (B) CloSe up of a pore Sieve of the Holotype MNRJ 21303; (C) CroSS-Section of Skeleton obtained from a parafin embeded Specimen (the arroW point to the Skeleton of a pore Sieve); (D) Tangential Section of the Skeleton ShoWing the choanoSomal aScending tractS of (Subtylo-)StrongyleS ending in SubectoSomal tuftS next to the Surface (the arroWS point to the Skeleton of pore SieveS); (E‒F), SEM imageS of SpiculeS: (E) StrongyleS varying to aniSoStrongyleS or SubtyloStrongyleS; (F) ExtremitieS of (Subtylo-)StrongyleS in detail. TABLE 3. Summary of morphological data of the genus Hemimycale . Pore sieves dimensions: width/ highness; oscules: width; spicules: length/ width/ tyle width or length/ width. Pore sieves and oscula dimensions in millimeters. Spicules dimensions in micrometers.

Species	Locality	Reference	External morphology	Internal anatomy	Spicules
H. oxeata sp. nov.	Southeastern Brazil	Present study	Thinly encrusting, with subdermal	Plumose skeleton composed by ill-defined,	Strongyles to
Ecoregion, from Rio de	channels. Pore sieves circular to	dense tracts of oxeas and strongyles ending	subtylostrongyles
Janeiro to Santa Catarina	irregular, slightly raised (1.6 ‒ 12/ ~1).	in subectosomal tufts of strongyles next to	(244 ‒ 336/ 3 ‒ 5/ 1 ‒ 9)
states (10 m depth)	Oscules circular	surface. Areaolae strengthened by evenly	Oxeas with symetrical
(1.2 ‒ 3.7). Color in life light orange.	spaced dense tracts of strongyles from	ends, mucronated or
choanosome splitting out in tufts in the	telescoped (236 ‒ 337/ 4
areolae wall.	‒ 7)
H. ceadensis sp.	Southern Rio de Janeiro state,	Present study	Thinly encrusting. Pore sieves circular,	Plumose skeleton composed by ill-defined,	Strongyles to
nov.	Southeastern Brazil Ecoregion	tiny and raised (0.3 ‒ 4/ 0.7 ‒ 1).	dense tracts of strongyles ending in	anisostrongyles,
(12 m depth)	Vulcaniform oscules (1.6 ‒ 0.8/ 0.8 ‒	subectosomal tufts of the same spicules next	occasionally
2.3). Color in life orange red.	to surface. Areolae strengthened by	subtylostrongyles
overlapping bouquets of strongyles from	(138 ‒ 289/ 2 ‒ 4/ 2 ‒ 5).
choanosome.	Raphides (27 ‒ 98)
H. columella	Exmouth, United Kingdom	Bowerbank, 1874	Massive, with subdermal channels.	Plumose skeleton in the choanosome, with	Strongyles (~250)
(Bowerbank,	Northeastern Atlantic.	as Desmacidon	Color orange in life.	scattered strongyles in the ectosome.
1874)	columella (original
description).
Van Soest, 2002a	Encrusting. Large rounded areolate	No definite ectosomal skeleton.	Strongyles to styles
(redescription of	pore sieves. Color bright red to pale	Choanosomal skeleton composed by	(330 ‒ 465/ 2 ‒ 8).
the holotype).	orange or pink	plumose tracts of spicules.

…… continued on the next page TABLE ³. (Continueđ) Species Locality Reference External morphology Internal anatomy Spicules H. columella Spain, Northwestern Uriz et al., 2017 Encrusting to massive. Circular pore Plumose skeleton of anisostrongyles Anisotrongyles (Bowerbank, Međiterranean, (27 1 29 m sieves (~6/ ~3). Color pinkish-orange (302 1 435/ 3 1 4). 1874) đepth). to white externally, đark orange Styles rare or completely internally absent Marseille anđ Roscoff, Vacelet et al ., 1987 Encrusting, somewhat massive. _ Strongyles France. Creamy pink or brownish (220 1 470/ 2 1 6) Few styles present. Italy (Tyrrhenian anđ Ionian Pulitzer-Finali, 1977 Encrusting to massive. Color orange in _ Strongyles varying to Seas, 8 1 60 m đepth) life anđ pale brown after fixation anisostrongyles or subtylostrongyles (260 1 453/ 3 1 6) Panarea, Italy (1 1 2 m Pulitzer-Finali, _ _ Styles (270 1 380/ 3 1 5) đepth) 1977*

H. mediterranea	Međiterranean	Uriz et al. , 2017	Thickly encrusting. Color in life	Plumose skeleton of anisostrongyles.	Straight anisostrongyles
Uriz et al. , 2017	brownish orange. Areolateđ pore	(200 1 296/ 3 1 4);
sieves circular (up to 3/ 1.5 1 2)	Styles completely absent
H. arabica Ilan et	Ređ Sea (1.5 1 2 m đepth)	Ilan et al. , 2004	Surface with areolateđ pore fielđs.	Plumose skeleton varying to plumoreticulate	Strongyles to
al. , 2004	External color đark greenish blue, anđ	in the inner of sponge	anisostrongyles
yellowish green internally.	(200 1 290/ 3 1 4);
Styles (190 1 250/ 1 1 4)
H. insularis	São Peđro anđ São Paulo	Moraes, 2011	Thinly encrusting. Circular to	Plumose skeleton of multispicular tracts of	Strongyles (225 1 325/
Moraes, 2011	archipelago, Northern Brazil.	(original đescription)	elongateđ, irregular pore sieves (2 1	strongyles	2 1 5)
(1.5 1 40 m đepth)	10). Color salmon orange in life.
H. rhodus	Eastern Svalbarđ	Hentschel, 1929 as	Encrusting. Slightly compressive.	Plumose skeleton composeđ by ascenđing	Anisostrongyles to
(Hentschel, 1929)	(Spitzbergen), Arctic Ocean	Hymedesmia rhodus	Consistency smooth	tracts of (subtylo-)strongyles enđing in	subtylostrongyles
(95 m đepth)	subectosomal tufts next to the surface.	(322 1 413)

* Possibly a recorđ of Crambe crambe (Schmiđt, 1862) . Diagnosis. Hemimycale REddISh-ORANgE IN LIFE, wITh RAISEd, TINY PORE SIEVES wITh A FLATTENEd TOP ANd AN ENLARgEd APEX. MEgAScLERES ARE SUbTYLOSTRONgYLES wITh ASYmmETRIcAL ENdS ANd A SUbTLE TYLE AT ThE bASE, 138‒288 µm LONg bY 2‒4 µm wIdE. RAPhIdES ARE RARE. Description. ThINLY TO ThIckLY ENcRUSTINg (4.0‒ 4.7 cm wIdE, 0.8‒3.0 mm hIgh). COLOR REddISh ORANgE IN LIFE, EXTERNALLY ANd INTERNALLY, ANd PALE bEIgE AFTER FIXATION IN EThANOL. AREOLATEd PORE SIEVES cIRcULAR, OccASIONALLY IRREgULARLY OUTLINEd, TINY, wITh A NARROw bASE ANd AN ENLARgEd FLATTENEd APEX (0.3‒4.0 mm wIdE, 0.7‒1.0 mm hIgh). OScULES VULcANIFORm, wITh A PRONOUNcEd PERIOScULAR mEmbRANE ( 0.8‒1.6 mm wIdE, 0.8‒2.3 mm hIgh), NOT APPARENT IN FIXEd SPEcImENS. SURFAcE EVEN ANd SmOOTh. CONSISTENcY SOFT, ELASTIc, FRIAbLE. INTERNAL ANATOmY: EcTOSOmAL SkELETON UNdIFFERENTIATEd FROm ThE chOANOSOmE, FORmEd bY TANgENTIALLY ARRANgEd, dIREcTIONLESS, ThIck chOANOSOmAL TRAcTS OF STRONgYLES, ANd ScATTEREd, ISOLATEd STRONgYLES ON ThE SURFAcE. AREOLATEd PORE SIEVES STRENgThENEd bY dENSE TRAcTS OF (SUbTYLO-) STRONgYLES ORIgINATEd FROm chOANOSOmE, SPLITTINg OUT IN OVERLAPPINg bOUqUETS IN ThE AREOLAE wALL. SUbEcTOSOmAL LAcUNAE cONSPIcUOUS (97‒145 µm wIdE). ChOANOSOmAL SkELETON PLUmOSE, FORmEd bY SINUOUS, AScENdINg, mULTISPIcULAR TRAcTS (6‒20 SPIcULES wIdE, UP TO 45 µm ThIck) OF (SUbTYLO-) STRONgYLES ENdINg IN SUbEcTOSOmAL TUFTS (UP TO 71 µm wIdE). RAPhIdES ScATTEREd IN ThE chOANOSOmE, RARE, ISOLATEd OR IN SmALL gROUPS (PRESENT IN A cROSS SEcTION OF ThE SkELETON OF UERJPOR 203), NOT FORmINg TRIchOdRAgmATA. SPIcULES ( TAbLES 2 , 3 ): MEgAScLERES, STRONgYLES VARYINg TO ANISOSTRONgYLES, OccASIONALLY SUbTYLOSTRONgYLES, SmOOTh ANd STRAIghT ( FIg. 4E‒F ). MIcROScLERES, RARE RAPhIdES, SEEN IN SLIdES OF dISSOcIATEd SPIcULES OF ALL SPEcImENS EXAmINEd. Ecology. Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. OccURS IN ShALLOw wATERS, ASSOcIATEd wITh AzOOXANThELATE hARd cORALS. MANY dIATOm FRUSTULES cAN bE ObSERVEd IN SLIdES OF dISSOcIATEd SPIcULES ANd cONcENTRATEd NEXT TO ThE EcTOSOmE, IN cROSS SEcTIONS OF ThE SkELETON OF ThE NEw SPEcIES. Distribution. PROVISIONALLY ENdEmIc FROm JORgE GREgO ISLANd (OFF ILhA GRANdE, S RIO dE JANEIRO STATE) IN ThE SOUThEASTERN BRAzIL EcOREgION ( FIg. 1C ). Remarks. Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. IS REcOgNIzEd AS A NEw SPEcIES mAINLY bY ITS cIRcULAR, TINY, SLIghTLY RAISEd AREOLATEd PORE SIEVES. ThESE hAVE A NARROw bASE, AN ENLARgEd APEX, ANd ARE REgULARLY SPAcEd, whILE ThOSE IN H. columella , H. insularis ANd H. oxeata sp. nov. ARE cONSIdERAbLY wIdER (UP TO 10 ‒ 12 mm VS. 0.3‒4 mm IN ThE NEw SPEcIES), ANd ARE mORE cLOSELY SPAcEd, ShOwINg AN IRREgULAR cONTOUR. Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. cAN bE dIFFERENTIATEd FROm H. insularis ANd H. oxeata sp. nov. ALSO bY ITS REddISh ORANgE cOLOR IN LIFE, whIch cONTRASTS wITh ThE SALmON ORANgE cOLOR OF bOTh LATTER SPEcIES (MORAES, 2011; URIz et al. , 2017). IT dIFFERS FROm H. columella bY ThE PRESENcE OF cONSIdERAbLY SmALLER STRONgYLES ( TAbLES 2 , 3 ), ANd FOR LAckINg STYLES cOmPLETELY; ANd FROm H. insularis bY ThE PRESENcE OF ASYmmETRIcAL (SUbTYLO)STRONgYLES. Hemimycale mediterranea hAS TINY, cIRcULAR PORE SIEVES LIkE ThOSE ObSERVEd ON H. ceadensis sp. nov. HOwEVER, ThEIR PORE SIEVES ARE mORE cLOSELY SPAcEd, ANd mAY bE hIghER ThAN ThOSE EXhIbITEd bY ThE NEw SPEcIES. Hemimycale ceadensis sp. nov. dIFFERS FURThER bY ITS REddISh ORANgE cOLOR IN LIFE, AS OPPOSEd TO bROwNISh ORANgE IN H. mediterranea (URIz et al. , 2017). ThE REmAININg SPEcIES IN ThE gENUS ARE ONLY POORLY dEScRIbEd OR ILLUSTRATEd, i.e. H. arabica ANd H. rhodus . HOwEVER, H. ceadensis sp. nov. cAN bE EASILY dIFFERENTIATEd FROm H. arabica IN EXTERNAL cOLOR (REddISh ORANgE IN ThE NEw SPEcIES ANd dARk gREENISh bLUE cOLOR IN H. arabica ; ILAN et al. , 2004) ANd FOR LAckINg STYLES ENTIRELY. Hemimycale rhodus hAS cONSIdERAbLY LONgER STRONgYLES ( TAbLES 2 , 3 ), ThUS cLEARLY dIFFERINg FROm H. ceadensis sp. nov. ALSO. A POSSIbLE AddITIONAL chARAcTER FOR dIFFERENTIATINg ThE NEw SPEcIES FROm ALL OThER SPEcIES IN ThE gENUS IS ThE PRESENcE OF RAPhIdES. HOwEVER, ThIS mIcROScLERE IS RAThER RARE IN ThE NEw SPEcIES, ANd mIghT hAVE bEEN OVERLOOkEd IN OThER Hemimycale SPP. CONSEqUENTLY, ThIS chARAcTER ShOULd bE USEd cAREFULLY FOR ThE IdENTIFIcATION OF ThIS NEw SPEcIES.