Taxonomic revision of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae s. l.) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador Author Bernard Landry text Revue suisse de Zoologie 2016 123 2 315 399 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.155309 b195c5ca-7f2b-4f1b-a9a9-c1095c95d012 0035-418 155309 9ED8B8D5-ADA1-4B53-A1D3-0F75F889A179 Psara chathamalis ( Schaus, 1923 ) Figs 48 , 122 , 168 Pilocrocis chathamalis Schaus, 1923 : 45 . Herpetogramma chathamalis (Schaus) : Linsley & Usinger, 1966 : 162. Psara chathamalis (Schaus) : Roque-Albelo & Landry, 2015 . Material examined: Holotype : ♀ holotype ( USNM ). Other specimens : 20 ♂ , 31 ♀ , 74 of undetermined sex from the Galápagos Islands : – Baltra : South Seymour [no precise locality]. – Española : Bahía Manzanillo ; E side peninsula, at coast; Hood [no specific locality]. – Fernandina : Punta Espinosa; Cabo Douglas, GPS: S 00° 18.269’ , W 091° 39.098’ . – Floreana : Las Cuevas; Punta Cormoran; Charles [no specific locality]. – Gardner near Española : NW side. – Genovesa : Bahía Darwin ; S side, 200 y[ar]ds from beach. – Isabela : Tagus Cove. – Marchena : [no precise locality]. – Pinta : Plaja Ibbeston [sic]; arid zone. – San Cristóbal : Chatham [no precise locality]; P[uer]to Baquarizo [sic]; near Loberia, sea level, GPS: elev[ation]. 14 m , S 00° 55.149’ , W 89° 36.897’ ; 4 km SE Pto Baquarizo [sic]. – Santa Cruz : Indefatigable [no precise locality]; Bahía Conway ; Academy Bay; Academy Bay, Charles Darwin Research Station; Charles Darwin Research Station, reared on Commicarpus tuberosus , Nyctaginaceae ; littoral zone, Tortuga Bay; East slope, 160 m . – Santa Fé : Tourist trail. – Santiago : James Bay, E side n[ea]r. lagoons; Cerro Inn. – Seymour Norte : [no precise locality]; Arid zone. Deposited in AMNH , BMNH , CAS , CDRS , CNC , MCZ , MHNG , and NHRS . Diagnosis: The golden brown ground colour of the wings in addition to the relatively larger size (wingspan: 20-26 mm ), well-marked fasciae, including a distinct basal forewing fascia, will separate most specimens of this species ( Fig. 48 ) from the other brown species with darker brown markings, and the key above under Herpetogramma phaeopteralis (Guenée) will be of additional help in some cases. Biology: Specimens collected in the Galápagos were only found at low elevation, on beaches and up to about 150 m on Santiago (Cerro Inn), from January until May and in September. One specimen, deposited in the BMNH, was reared on Commicarpus tuberosus (Lam.) Standl. (Nyctaginaceae) . This Galápagos indigenous plant is found on the islands of Española, Floreana, Isabela , Pinzón, San Cristóbal , Santa Cruz , Santiago (Jaramillo Díaz & Guézou, 2015 ) while elsewhere it is known from mainland Ecuador and Peru ( McMullen, 1999 ). Distribution: This Galápagos endemic was described from Chatham Island (now San Cristóbal ) and recorded by Schaus (1923) from Indefatigable (= Santa Cruz ) and South Seymour (= Baltra). I have collected or examined specimens as well from Española, Fernandina, Floreana, Gardner near Española, Genovesa, Isabela , Marchena, Pinta , Santa Fé , Santiago , and Seymour Norte. Remarks: The holotype in the USNM was examined to determine the specimens that I have collected or examined in different collections as mentioned above. Abundant in 1992, this species was collected only twice (on Fernandina and San Cristóbal ) during our 2002, 2004, and 2005 expeditions, perhaps indicating a significant drop in the populations.