Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 19. Croton ichthygaster Smith & Downs (1959: 150) . Type:— BRAZIL . Santa Catarina : between the municipalities of Caçador and Joaçaba , 6 February 1957 , L.B. Smith & R. Klein 10937 ( holotype US 00109585 !; isotypes K 000574189!, NY 00262911!, R 000200947!, UC 1079902!). ( Fig. 11 , F–J) Croton ichthygaster is a rare shrub, recently rediscovered by Pereira et al. (2017a) . It can be recognized by its orange latex, glabrescent to glabrous leaves adaxial surface, and sessile basilaminar glands (sometimes absent in a few leaves of the same specimen). It belongs to sect. Adenophylli subsect. Meridionalis van Ee & Berry (2021: 331) ( van Ee & Berry 2021 ). Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern ( PR , SC) Brazil , growing in open vegetation, riversides, especially in ‘campos de Palmas’ from southern Brazil , ( Smith et al. 1988 , Pereira et al. 2017a ), probably between 900 and 1250 m elevation ( Fig. 10 ). Phenology:— Flowering from February, October and November, and fruiting from November and February. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ: General Carneiro , Lajeado River , 12 February 1966 , G . Hatschbach , J . Lindeman & H . Haas 13750 ( MBM , US ); 18 October 1966 , G . Hatschbach 14976 ( K , MBM , NY , UPCB ). SANTA CATARINA : Água Doce , near Chapecó River , 26°42’31.7”S , 51°27’17.6”W , 1244 m , 23 November 2016 , A . P . N . Pereira , M . B . R . Caruzo & R . Riina 47 ( SP ); A . P . N . Pereira , M . B . R . Caruzo & R . Riina 48 ( SP ); M . B . R . Caruzo , A . P . N . Pereira & R . Riina 201 ( SP ). Porto União , Matos Costa , 23 February 1962 , R . Reitz & R . M . Klein 12363 ( CRI , US ) .