Croton (Euphorbiaceae) of the Brazilian state of Paraná: an annotated checklist, species distribution, and identification key Author Pereira, Amanda Da Paixão Noronha 0000-0003-4874-129X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & amanda. pnoronhap @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4874 - 129 X amanda.pnoronhap@gmail.com Author Riina, Ricarda 0000-0002-7423-899X Real Jardín Botánico (RJB), CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain. & rriina @ rjb. csic. es; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7423 - 899 X rriina@rjb.csic.es Author Caruzo, Maria Beatriz Rossi 0000-0002-8393-214X Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Núcleo de Pesquisa Curadoria do Herbário, São Paulo, SP 01061 - 970, Brazil & Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, 09972 - 270, Diadema, SP, Brazil. & mbrcaruzo @ unifesp. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8393 - 214 X mbrcaruzo@unifesp.br text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-10-28 570 3 231 274 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 journal article 176492 10.11646/phytotaxa.570.3.1 e5151877-6fa0-44de-b9c3-4577de526c95 1179-3163 7260277 4. Croton calycireduplicatus Allem (1979: 67) . Type :— BRAZIL . Rio Grande do Sul : Vacaria , Passo do Socorro , em campos secos arbustivos, 27 December 1951 , B. Rambo s.n. ( PACA 51528 !) (Illustration available in Allem 1979: 68 ). The species has few records for the state of Paraná, two field trips were made to verify its distribution range, but unfortunately, it was not found. Croton calycireduplicatus is a shrub that can be recognized by its slightly laciniate pistillate sepals, and conspicuous reduplicate-valvate aestivation. We did not see any specimens with pistillate and staminate flowers in the same individual, which may indicate that C. calycireduplicatus is a dioecious species. Collections of C. calycireduplicatus were previously misidentified as C. montevidensis Sprengel (1826: 873) . The latter species occurs in Uruguay and Brazil (RS), and its distribution is restricted to the Pampa biome. These species are very similar morphologically but can be distinguished mainly by their habitats and by the margins of sepals of the pistillate flowers (serrate in C. calycireduplicatus vs. entire in C. montevidensis ). The species is a member of section Barhamia subsect. Medea ( Klotzsch 1841: 193 ) Pax (1890: 39) ( van Ee et al. 2011 ). Distribution and habitat:— It occurs in southern Brazil (RS, SC) ( Smith et al. 1988 , Caruzo et al. 2020 ), and we report this species for the Paraná state for the first time ( Fig. 2 ). Plants were found in edges of Araucaria forest and sandy soil along riverbanks, between 700 and 900 m elevation. Phenology:— Flowering and fruiting November to December. Representative specimens:— PARANÁ : Palmeira , Rod. Curitiba– Ponta Grossa , Rio Tibagi , 03 November 1975 , R . Kummrow 975 ( MBM ); 03 November 1975 , R . Kummrow 976 ( MBM ). Rio Branco do Sul , Brumado , 06 December 1995 , G . Hatschbach , L . Landrum & L . Kawasaki 64024 ( MBM ). Tibagi , próximo ao Rio Barrinha , 28 November 1993 , F . Chagas e Silva 1668 ( FUEL , HCF ) .