Freshwater hyphomycetes in Sordariomycetes: two new species of Tainosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales) from Thailand Author Li, Chun-Xue 0000-0003-4228-4024 Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China & purple 0220 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4228 - 4024 Author Yu, Xian-Dong 0000-0003-3439-547X School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China & 840940031 @ qq. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3439 - 547 X 840940031@qq.com Author Dong, Wei 0000-0003-4991-1529 Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, China & Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & dongwei 0312 @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4991 - 1529 dongwei0312@hotmail.com Author Hu, Dian-Ming 0000-0002-4750-2871 Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China & hudianming 1 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4750 - 2871 Author Boonmee, Saranyaphat 0000-0001-5202-2955 School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & saranyaphat. khag 2 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5202 - 2955 saranyaphat.khag2@gmail.com Author Zhang, Huang 0000-0002-9464-2981 Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China & zhanghuang 2002113 @ 163. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9464 - 2981 text Phytotaxa 2021 2021-06-25 509 1 56 68 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.1.2 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.509.1.2 1179-3163 5426004 Tainosphaeria aquatica X.D. Yu, C.X. Li & H. Zhang , sp. nov. FIGURE 2 Index Fungorum number: IF558386; Facesoffungi number: FoF 09838 Etymology: —In reference to aquatic habitat of the fungus Holotype : —MFLU 17-1729 Saprobic on decaying wood submerged in freshwater. Sexual morph : undetermined. Asexual morph : hyphomycetous. Colonies superficial, effuse, gregarious, glistening, pale brown, with slimy, subhyaline or yellowish brown conidial mass at the conidiophore apex. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of branched, septate, hyaline to pale brown hyphae. Conidiophores 50–105 μm long, 3–6 μm wide (= 74.5 × 4.4 μm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, erect, unbranched, cylindrical with tapering end at the apex, straight or slightly flexuous, pale brown, subhyaline or pale brown in the apical cell, 2–5-septate, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, monophialidic, terminal, with a flared collarette at the apex. Collarettes 2.5–4.5 μm wide at the opening, 2–2.7 μm deep, campanulate, subhyaline to pale brown. Conidia 23–33 × 3.5–6.5 μm (= 28 × 5 μm, n = 30), acrogenous, cylindrical to long fusiform, slightly curved, hyaline, 0–3-septate, guttulate, smooth, often with hair-like, hyaline appendages at both ends, (12.5–)19–26 μm long. Cultural characteristics :—Colonies on PDA circular, regular, white with brown center in front view, white at the margin, yellow at the middle with brown center in reverse view, surface slightly raised, rough, dry, with an attenuated and radial margin; not producing pigmentation in culture. Material examined :— THAILAND , Chiang Mai Province , Mushroom Research Centre , on decaying wood submerged in a stream , 1 September 2017 , X.D. Yu , 19A ( MFLU 17-1729 , holotype ), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 17-2370 . Notes :— Tainosphaeria aquatica morphologically fits well with the characteristics of Tainosphaeria in having macronematous, mononematous, unbranched conidiophores, monophialidic conidiogenous cells with collarettes and hyaline, fusiform to cylindrical conidia. The phylogenetic analysis based on a concatenated LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence dataset shows that T. aquatica clusters within Tainosphaeria II. Compared with other species in Tainosphaeria II , T. aquatica is distinguishable by its 0–3-septate, larger conidia and longer polar appendages. Therefore, T. aquatica is introduced here as a new species in Tainosphaeria . A comparison of morphological features and habitats of species in Tainosphaeria is provided in TABLE 2 .