The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera) Author Aspoeck, Horst https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-3566 Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria Author Aspoeck, Ulrike Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria & Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at text Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2023 2023-05-03 70 1 175 218 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559 1860-1324-1-175 9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926 88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF Raphidia (Raphidia) beieri H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck , 1964a Raphidia beieri H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck , 1964a (odescr): H. Aspoeck et al. 1989 (biogeogr, distr); H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon); Popov 2004 (chorol). Raphidia schizurotergalis Bartos , 1965 (odescr): H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck 2014 (cat). Raphidia (Raphidia) beieri H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck : H. Aspoeck et al. 1991 (mon); H. Aspoeck and Hoelzel 1996 (distr); H. Aspoeck et al. 2001 (anncat); Popov 2001 (rec); Dobosz 2007 (distr, rec); H. Aspoeck 2012 (cat); H. Aspoeck and U. Aspoeck 2013 (cat, etymol), 2014 (cat). Taxonomy. H. Aspoeck et al. (1991) . Raphidia (R.) beieri is closely related to R. (R.) kimminsi (which occurs in the north of Anatolia) and R. (R.) grusinica (which occurs in NE-Anatolia and in the western Caucasian regions) and can be differentiated only by characters of the male genitalia. Possibly these taxa form a superspecies. A clarification of the complicated taxonomic situation will only be possible by molecular systematic analyses. Biology and ecology. Euryoecious! Larvae corticolous and soil-dwelling; many records under bark of Abies , Pinus , Quercus , Pyrus and Prunus , and in the litter around roots of bushes. Development usually two years, rarelyone or Subilla three years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: IV-VI. In various habitats - light forests with conifers as well as with only deciduous trees in altitudes from 100-1700 m. On Thasos in light pine forests with Rosa , Prunus , Crataegus , Juniperus in 900-1100 m asl., on Samothraki in pastures with single old oak trees in 1200 m asl. Records on Mediterranean islands (Fig. 11a ). Thasos, Samothraki. Syntopic species of Raphidioptera on Thasos: Phaeostigma (Pontoraphidia) setulosa aegea , Venustoraphidia nigricollis . Continental distribution. Northeastern parts of Greece, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Bulgaria, Romania, Moldavia, Ukraine, NW-Anatolia. Biogeography. Polycentric Pontomediterranean faunal element. Phylogeographic studies are urgently needed.