Tanacetipathes Opresko, 2001 (Cnidaria: Antipatharia: Myriopathidae) from Brazil, including two new species
Author
Loiola, Livia L.
Author
Castro, Clovis B.
text
Zootaxa
2005
1081
1
31
journal article
50944
10.5281/zenodo.170393
c967bc75-9665-49ae-a020-1e9020be70d8
11755326
170393
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
(
Pourtalès, 1880
)
Figures 7–10
Antipathes tanacetum
Pourtalès, 1880
: 116
, pl. 3,
Fig. 13
;
Brook, 1889
: 162
;
Opresko, 1972
: 984
– 986, tab. 2,
Fig. 7
;
Echeverría & Castro, 1995
: 1
–7,
Figs. 2–5
(part).
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
:
Opresko, 2001a
: 358
–361,
Figs 11
a and 12d; 2001b: 349,
Figures 7–10
;
Pérez et al., 2005
: 3
–8,
Figs 1–4
.
Material examined.
Brazil
: off Aracruz:
19
°
37’ S
, 0
38
°
41’ W
, about
65 m
, Bahia1 (
MNRJ
3410: 3 colonies);
19
°
42’ S
, 0
39
°
26’ W
,
239 m
, REVIZEE Bahia2 Sta. #E0533, (
MNRJ
4604,
MNRJ
4612,
MNRJ
4617,
MNRJ
5152: 14 colonies);
19
°
45’ S
, 0
39
°
31’ W
,
60 m
, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #27 (
MNRJ
4861,
MNRJ
4862: 2 colonies);
19
°
46’ S
, 0
39
°
29’ W
,
498 m
, REVIZEE Central VI Sta. # 3 (
MNRJ
4935: 1 colony); off Vitória,
20
°
27’ S
, 0
39
°
44’ W
,
1293 m
, REVIZEE Bahia2 Sta. #E0536 (
MNRJ
4634: 1 colony); Jaseur Bank,
20
°
36’ S
, 0
35
°
51’ W
, about
100 m
, REVIZEE Central II (
MNRJ
3697: 6 colonies); off Guarapari:
20
°
40’ S
, 0
34
°
35’ W
,
100 m
, REVIZEE Central II Sta. #46 (
MNRJ
3696,
MNRJ
5149: 8 colonies);
20
°
40’ S
, 0
34
°
35’ W
,
108 m
, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #45 (
MNRJ
4668,
MNRJ
4672,
MNRJ
5153,
MNRJ
5159,
MNRJ
5161: 16 colonies);
20
°
40’ S
, 0
35
°
28’ W
, about
60 m
, REVIZEE Central II (
MNRJ
3693: 1 colony); Davis Bank,
20
°
41’ S
, 0
37
°
07’ W
, about
57 m
, REVIZEE Central IV (
MNRJ
3393: 1 colony); off Guarapari,
20
°
42’ S
, 0
35
°
27’ W
,
60 m
, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #21 (
MNRJ
4863: 2 colonies); off Itapemirim,
21
°
09’ S
, 0
40
°
16’ W
, about
100 m
, REVIZEE Central Sta. #14 (
MNRJ
2975: 1 colony); off São João da Barra:
21º20’ S
,
040º16’ W
,
120 m
(
MNRJ
2369: 2 colonies);
21º20’ S
,
040º15’ W
,
183 m
(
MNRJ
2363: 1 colony); off Cape of
São Tomé
:
22
°
00’ S
, 0
40
°
05’ W
,
100 m
, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #38 (
MNRJ
4665,
MNRJ
5140,
MNRJ
5151,
MNRJ
5157: 12 colonies);
22
°
03’ S
, 0
40
°
06’ W
,
91 m
, REVIZEE Central Sta. #02 (
MNRJ
3018; 3023: 2 colonies); Almirante Saldanha Bank,
22
°
22’ S
, 0
37
°
35’ W
,
103 m
, REVIZEE Central VI (
MNRJ
4917,
MNRJ
4918,
MNRJ
5162: 6 colonies); Almirante Saldanha Bank,
22
°
22’ S
, 0
37
°
35’ W
,
240 m
, REVIZEE Central VI (
MNRJ
4927,
MNRJ
4928,
MNRJ
5160,
MNRJ
5163,
MNRJ
5164: 24 colonies); off Cabo Frio:
22
°
44’ S
, 0
31
°
49’ W
,
80 m
, REVIZEE Central V Sta. #42 (
MNRJ
4670; 4671: 2 colonies);
22º54’ S
,
040º48’ W
,
156 m
(
MNRJ
2353: 1 colony).
FIGURE 7
—
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
(Pourtalès, 1880)
, Form 1 (MNRJ 4604): a—Colony; b—Pinnulate region of the colony; c—Transversal view, cycle of pinnules; d—Spines of the basal region of a pinnule; e—Spines of the middle region of a pinnule; f—Spines of the apical region of a pinnule; g—Polypar spines of the middle region of a pinnule, close view; h—Abpolypar spines of the middle region of a pinnule, close view. Scale bars: a = 2.0 cm; b = 1.0 cm; c = 0.5 cm; df = 0.2 mm; g = 0.05 mm; h = 0.02 mm.
FIGURE 8
—
Tanacetipathes
tanacetum
(Pourtalès, 1880)
, Form 2 (MNRJ 4672): a – Colony; b—Transversal view, cycle of pinnules; c—Polypar spines of the middle region of a pinnule, close view; d—Abpolypar spines of the middle region of a pinnule, close view; e—Spines of the basal region of a pinnule; f—Spines of the middle region of a pinnule; g—Spines of the apical region of a pinnule. Scale bars: a = 2.0 cm; b = 0.3 cm; cd = 0.02 mm; eg = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 9
—
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
(Pourtalès, 1880)
, Form 3 (MNRJ 4665): a—Colony; b—Pinnulate region of the colony; c—Transversal view, cycle of pinnules; d—Polypar (p) and abpolypar (ab) spines of the middle region of a pinnule, close view; e—Spines of the basal region of a pinnule; f—Spines of the middle region of a pinnule; g—Spines of the apical region of a pinnule. Scale bars: a = 1.0 cm; b = 1.0 cm; c = 0.3 cm; d = 0.05 mm; e–g = 0.2 mm.
Diagnosis.
Colonies (
Figs. 7
a–b; 8a; 9a–b; 10a) monopodial (up to
65 cm
tall) or rarely with branches up to the 2nd order, emerging near the colony base (
Figs. 7
a–b; 8a; 9a–b; 10a), pinnulated; pinnules arranged biserially in 4–6 longitudinal rows (depending on the presence of second anteriors) and in alternate groups along the axis. Maximum length of anterior primary pinnules
3–19 mm
(average 10.03 ±
3.48 mm
), maximum length of posterior primaries
6–27 mm
(average 14.01±
4.35 mm
); posterior primaries curved distally towards the anteriors (
Figs. 7
c, 8b, 9c, 10b). Secondary pinnules up to
22 mm
long (average maximum length 12.27±
3.56 mm
); 0–4 secondaries on each anterior primary, 1–7 on each posterior primary, usually in single series on the abpolypar side of the primaries, occasionally on the polypar side (
Figs. 7
c, 8c, 9b, 10b). Tertiary pinnules on the abpolypar (rarely polypar—see fig. 9c) side of secondaries and sometimes bearing quaternaries (
Figs. 7
c, 8c, 9b, 10b). Spines (
Figs. 7
d–h; 8d–g; 9c–g; 10c–f) compressed, with acute apex, length 3–4 times the width; polypar spines
0.04–0.27 mm
tall, abpolypar
0.01–0.16 mm
(
Figs. 7
d–h; 8d–g; 9c–g; 10c–f). Polyps
0.6–0.8 mm
in transverse diameter, arranged in a single series, restricted to the polypar side (concave) of pinnules and subpinnules; 10 – 13 per centimeter (emended from
Opresko, 1972
).
Remarks.
The Brazilian specimens were treated as four different morphotypes of
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
(
Tab. 1
). These forms were considered as a single species since there are previous records of great variability in
T. tanacetum
and because we could not find continue gaps in their variation. In the first form (
Fig. 7
), the length of the primary pinnules and the arrangement of secondaries are as usually observed in
T. tanacetum
, according to the diagnosis given by
Opresko (1972)
. However,
Opresko (1972)
indicates two groups of specimens based on the height of polypar spines: (1) up to
0.13 mm
tall and (2) more than
0.23 mm
tall. The polypar spines’ height in our “first form” varies continuously along the range of
0.12–0.27 mm
, as described by
Echeverría & Castro (1995)
. The distribution of polypar spines height varied in the
20 specimens
assigned to this form as follows: seven specimens have polypar spines varying along the whole range cited above, 10 have all polypar spines smaller than
0.20 mm
, and three have all polypar spines taller than
0.20 mm
.
TABLE 1
—
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
(Pourtalès, 1880)
: comparison of morphotypes. hcol = maximum colony height; lap = primary anterior pinnule length; ps/pp = ratio number of secondary pinnules per primary; sppol = height of polypar spines (range); spabpol = height of abpolypar spines (range).
| hcol (cm) |
lap (mm) |
ps/pp |
sppol (mm) |
spabpol (mm) |
| form 1 |
up to 65 |
up to 27 |
up to 7:1 |
0.12–0.27 |
0.01–0.16 |
| form 2 |
up to 45 |
up to 18 |
up to 6:1 |
0.06–0.16 |
0.01–0.10 |
| form 3 |
up to 43 |
up to 20 |
up to 4:1 |
0.10–0.27 |
0.02–0.15 |
| form 4 |
up to 63 |
up to 26 |
up to 4:1 |
0.04–0.16 |
0.01–0.10 |
FIGURE 10
—
Tanacetipathes tanacetum
(Pourtalès, 1880)
, Form 4 (MNRJ 4928): a—Colony; b—Transversal view, cycle of pinnules; c—Polypar and abpolypar spines of the middle region of a pinnule, close view; d—Spines of the basal region of a pinnule; e—Spines of the middle region of a pinnule; f—Spines of the apical region of a pinnule. Scale bars: a = 2.0 cm; b = 0.3 cm; c = 0.05 mm; df = 0.2 mm.
The colonies of the second form (
Fig. 8
) are similar to the group of specimens with smaller spines referred to by
Opresko (1972:
0.10–0.13 mm
tall)
. Besides, these colonies have primary pinnules with lengths a little smaller (
18 mm
) than that described by
Opresko (1972—up to 25.0 mm)
and by
Echeverría & Castro (1995—up to
20.5 mm
)
.
Tanacetipathes spinescens
(
Brook, 1889
)
shows similar values for these characters (primary pinnules up to 15.0 mm; spines up to
0.19 mm
), but this species has densely branched colonies (
Brook, 1889
;
Opresko, 2001a
). All forms of
T. tanacetum
are sparsely branched, only up to the second order, and usually branches develop from near the base.
The third form (
Fig. 9
) differs from the first two especially in the presence of fewer and smaller secondary pinnules (
Tab. 1
), but relatively large spines (up to
0.27 mm
).
Opresko (1972)
reported reduced subpinnulation in some colonies of
T. tanacetum
, in a condition comparable to that observed in
T. hirta
. However, this form differs from
T. hirta
because the latter has small spines (up to
0.13 mm
tall) and branching up to the 5th order.
The subpinnulation in the fourth form (
Fig. 10
) is also reduced, as in the third form and in
T. hirta
. The spines’ heights are also similar to
T. hirta
spines in the descriptions of
Opresko (1972polypar
0.07–0.13 mm
[see diagnosis], abpolypar
0.03–0.10 mm
)
, and
Warner (1981polypar
0.09–0.17 mm
, abpolypars
0.04–0.13 mm
)
, and in the description of this species herein included. However, specimens of this fourth form are branched only up to the 1st order, while
T. hirta
is branched up to the 5th order.
A
lectotype
for this species was chosen and described by
Pérez et al. (2005)
, because the typeseries of
T. tanacetum
, designated by
Pourtalès (1880)
, is heterogeneous. According to these authors, based on the length of the primary pinnules, and the number and arrangement of the secondary pinnules, there appear to be as many as four different species represented in the typeseries. The spines size was not considered a sound character to differentiate these four morphotypes mentioned, as this character varies substantially from specimen to specimen (
Pérez et al., 2005
).
The specimen chosen as
lectotype
has posterior primary pinnules up to
1.2 cm
long. However, according to
Pérez et al. (2005)
, they are usually up to 2.0 cm and rarely up to
2.5 cm
. Among the 89 Brazilian specimens examined herein, 36 have posterior primaries at most
1.2 cm
long, 44 have the longest posterior primaries between 1.2 and 2.0 cm, and
9 specimens
have posterior primaries that exceed 2.0 cm long. The overall maximum length of posterior primaries reaches
2.7 cm
.
In the
lectotype
description, there are one to three secondary pinnules on the posterior primary pinnules, usually arranged uniserially on the abpolypar side. However, the illustration given by
Pérez et al. (2005
:
Fig. 2
b) shows four to five secondaries per posterior primary, arranged both in the polypar and abpolypar sides of the pinnules. Of the 89 Brazilian specimens considered in this study, 42 have up to three secondaries per posterior primary pinnules, 40 have four or five, and seven have more than five. The maximum observed is up to seven. Considering these characteristics, Brazilian specimens are very similar to the
lectotype
of
T. tanacetum
designated by
Pérez et al. (2005)
.
Opresko’s (1972) diagnosis was emended to accommodate variations of the four different forms of the Brazilian specimens mentioned above.
Distribution.
Atlantic: “Lesser Antilles” (
Pourtalès, 1880
;
Brook, 1889
;
Opresko, 1972
).
Brazil
: off the Parcel do Manoel Luís (
00°17’ N
) (
Opresko, 1972
); off the Atol das Rocas (about
03°50’ S
) (
Opresko, 1972
); off eastern
Brazil
(19°37’–23° S) (
Echeverrìa & Castro, 1995; current records—Fig. 1
).