The genus Gasteruption Latreille, 1796 (Hymenoptera: Gasteruptiidae) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia: distribution, checklist, ecology, and conservation status Author Bogusch, Petr text Zootaxa 2021 2021-02-24 4935 1 1 63 journal article 7438 10.11646/zootaxa.4935.1.1 5ec55ddd-306e-45a9-9925-296caf2c9bf6 1175-5326 4559034 29188279-3AC9-493D-9146-7A8F89F8991A Gasteruption jaculator (Linnaeus, 1758) Figs. 109–120 . For synonymy see van Achterberg & Talebi (2014) . Diagnosis: The species body length varies with female length between 10–16 mm , male length 8–13 mm . Ovipositor length is very variable, between 7–16 mm . The ovipositor sheath is 3.8–5.4× as long as third tibia, with whitish apex 1.5–2.7× as long as third basitarsus. Typically, both sexes possess a wide and semitransparent occipital collar, head sculpture is very finely transversely rugulose, mesonotum shiny and conspicuously transversely rugose. Antesternal carina is small and ill-developed. Distribution: ( Fig. 120 ): West-Palaearctic species. Recorded in Europe from the following countries: Austria , Belgium , Bulgaria , Croatia , Czech Republic , France , Finland , Germany , Greece , Hungary , Italy + Sicily , Moldova , Montenegro , Netherlands , Poland , Romania , Russia , Serbia , Slovakia , Slovenia , Spain , Sweden , Switzerland , Turkey , Ukraine and the United Kingdom ( Ferrière 1946 ; Šedivý 1958 ; Hedqvist 1973 ; Oehlke 1984 ; Madl 1989 ; Pagliano & Scaramozzino 2000 ; Broad & Livermore 2014 ; van Achterberg 2013 ; Strumia & Pagliano 2014 ; van Achterberg & Talebi 2014 ; Žikić et al. 2014 ; Ceccolini 2016 ; Vas 2016 ; Orlovskyté et al. 2018 ; Madl & Mitroiu 2019 , Özbek 2020 , Wiśniowski 2020 , and personal records). In Asia it is recorded from Iran , Syria , Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan , known also from North Africa ( van Achterberg & Talebi 2014 and personal records). Much more common in central and northern Europe than in the south. Šedivý (1958 ; 1989 ) recorded this species both from the Czech Republic ( Bohemia and Moravia ) and from Slovakia . It is a widespread species, recorded in lower and middle altitudes throughout both countries. In higher altitudes it is much rarer. In the Czech Republic , it was recorded in 50 localities until 1990 and in 67 localities after the year 1990; in Slovakia in 21 localities until 1990 and in 30 localities after 1990 ( Tab. 2 ). Biology: Recorded from May to September. This species was associated with many hosts of different groups by many authors. Most of the hosts are bees of the families Colletidae : Colletes daviesanus and Colletes sp. ( Höppner 1904 ; Oehlke 1984 ; van Achterberg & Talebi 2014 ; van Breugel 2014 ); Hylaeus annulatus (Linnaeus) , H. communis , Hylaeus difformis (Eversmann) , Hylaeus leptocephalus (Morawitz) , H. pectoralis and unidentified species of this genus ( Malyshev 1964 ; Oehlke 1984 ; Westrich 1989 ; Wall 1994 ; van Achterberg & Talebi 2014 ; Orlovskyté et al . 2018 ). It was also associated with the Megachilidae : Chelostoma florisomne , Heriades truncorum , Hoplitis tridentata , Osmia bicornis (Linnaeus) and Osmia leaiana (Kirby) ( Höppner 1904 ; Morley 1916 ; Crosskey 1951 ; Malyshev 1966 ; Oehlke 1984 ). Additional records are on the wasp hosts of the families Crabronidae : Pemphredon lugubris (Fabricius) ( Morley 1937 ; Oehlke 1984 ), Trypoxylon figulus ( Höppner 1904 ) and Lestiphorus bicinctus (Rossi) ( Oehlke 1984 ) , and Vespidae : Symmorphus murarius (Linnaeus) ( Oehlke 1984 ) . We have reared this species from the nests of Hylaeus confusus in oak galls. Both sexes can be found on flowers of the families Apiaceae , Asteraceae and Fabaceae ( Wall 1994 ) . Conservation: This species is widespread and numerous in both countries. It is classified as LC—least concern ( Tab. 2 ).