An Illustrated Key of Pyrgomorphidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) of the Indian Subcontinent Region Author Zahid, Sundus Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan & Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA Author Mariño-Pérez, Ricardo Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA & Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Author Amehmood, Sardar Azhar 0000-0003-4121-9271 Department of Zoology, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan & banianhu @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4121 - 9271 banianhu@gmail.com Author Muhammad, Kushi Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan Author Song, Hojun Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA text Zootaxa 2020 2020-12-16 4895 3 381 397 journal article 9249 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.3.4 a605f2d6-9b16-456f-b0c0-0105a1912ad3 1175-5326 4326755 EDD13FF7-E045-4D13-A865-55682DC13C61 Key to Pyrgomorphidae Genera of the Indian Subcontinent 1. Anterior margin of prosternum covering the posterior and lower part of the mouth ( Fig. 3A, B ); pronotum form pentagonoid ( Fig. 4A )........................................................................................... 2 1’. Anterior margin of prosternum not covering the posterior and lower part of the mouth. ( Fig. 3C, D ); pronotum form otherwise ( Fig. 4 B–E)......................................................................................... 3 2. Frons surface with tubercles ( Fig. 3A ); lower basal lobe of hind femur longer than the upper one ( Fig. 5A ); middle femur short, much shorter than head and pronotum together; spurs of hind tibia shorter than the basal tarsal segment ( Fig. 5A ); lateral plates of epiphallus elongate and straight ( Fig. 6A ); overall body dark to light brown also pale ( Fig. 20E, G ), with dark brown and black spots on thorax, wings and legs; abdomen coloration pattern contrasting. (Present in all Indian Subcontinent)..................................................................................... Chrotogonus Serville, 1838 (4 species known: C. brachypterus , C. homalodemus , C. oxypterus , C. trachypterus ) 2’. Frons surface texture relatively smooth with small pits ( Fig. 3B ); lower basal lobe of hind femur shorter than the upper one ( Fig. 5B ); middle femur thin and strongly elongated, as long as or longer than head and pronotum together; spurs of hind tibia longer than the basal tarsal segment ( Fig. 5B ); lateral plates of epiphallus strongly bent outward ( Fig. 6B ); light brown, also touch of cadmium yellow in body ( Fig. 20A, C ); white spots upon dorsal portion and legs ( Pakistan , India , Rajasthan )........................................................................................... Tenuitarsus Bolívar, 1904 (1 species known: T. orientalis ) FIGURE 3. Ventral views of head from various Pyrgomorphidae genera. (A) Chrotogonus ; (B) Tenuitarsus ; (C) Aularches ; (D) Chlorizeina . FIGURE 4. Dorsal views of pronotum from various Pyrgomorphidae genera. (A) Chrotogonus ; (B) Orthacris ; (C) Nilgiracris ; (D) Poekilocerus ; (E) Mekongiella FIGURE 5. Comparison of hind legs between (A) Chrotogonus and (B) Tenuitarsus . 3. Completely apterous ( Fig. 7 A–C)........................................................................ 4 3’. Micropterous ( Fig. 7D ), brachypterous ( Fig. 7E ), or macropterous ( Fig. 7F )...................................... 9 4 . Very prominent spherical eyes; hind leg, third tarsomere slender and longer than first tarsomere ( Fig. 8A ). Light green and orange body with red from head to abdomen along lateral sides ( Fig. 20F, H ); black markings on lateral abdomen with tinge of black ( Sri Lanka )................................................................... Rakwana Henry, 1933 (1 species known: R. ornata )