Systematics of the Protohermes costalis species-group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) Author Liu, Xingyue Author Hayashi, Fumio Author Yang, Ding text Zootaxa 2007 1439 1 46 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.175948 02bb7dce-7590-4f45-8aa9-c6280f2e8b36 1175-5326 175948 Protohermes basiflavus Yan g ( Figs. 8 , 38–44 ) Protohermes basiflavus Yang et al. , 2004 . Insects from Mt. Shiwandashan Area of Guangxi, p. 265. Type locality: Guangxi (Fangcheng, Napo). Diagnosis . Head without any dark markings; pronotum with two large blackish vittae on each side; male ninth sternum with rather shallow trapezoidal posterior incision. Body length 28–34 mm (male) and 45 mm (female); forewing length 45–48 mm (male) and 55 mm (female), hindwing length 40–43 mm (male) and 52 mm (female). Head ( Fig. 38 ) yellowish brown, without post-ocular spine; vertex without markings. Compound eyes pale brown; ocelli yellow, darkly margined medially. Antennae dark, with yellow scapes and brown pedicel. Mouthparts yellow; mandible with distal half dark. Prothorax yellow; pronotum ( Fig. 38 ) with two pairs of large blackish markings on each side. Meso- and metathorax yellowish brown, each with one pair of brownish markings laterally. Thoracic pilosity yellow, longer on meso- and metathorax. Legs yellow with dense, yellowish, short setae; tibiae and tarsi black, with narrow bases of fore and middle tarsi and basal 1/3 of hind tarsi yellowish brown; tarsal claws reddish brown. Forewings ( Fig. 8 ) pale smoky brown, with 1 large yellowish marking at base, 3–4 mostly connected yellowish markings at middle and 1 round yellowish marking on apical 1/3; costal cellules with distinct brown stripes. Hindwings much paler than forewings, respectively with 1 round yellowish marking at middle and apical 1/3. Veins dark except veins in yellowish markings yellow. Rs 10-branched, last branch trifurcate; 10– 11 crossveins between R1 and Rs; M1+2 6-branched, M3+4 4-branched; 1A 3-branched. Abdomen pale brown with yellowish short setae. Male ninth tergum ( Fig. 39 ) subquadrate, with trapezoidal anterior margin and truncate or sightly incised posterior margin. Ninth sternum ( Fig. 40 ) broad with arched lateral margin, posterior margin with rather shallow trapezoidal incision, forming two blunt posterior processes; central portion apparently inflated. Ninth gonostylus ( Fig. 41 ) unguiform and slightly curved dorsomedially, sometimes with an additional dent near tip. Tenth tergum ( Figs. 39–40 ) short and subcylindrical, ventrally with one well developed tufted tubercle at posteromedial corner; posterolateral corner distinctly and acutely produced; tip slightly incised and densely setose. Tenth sternum ( Fig. 42 ) arched, anteriorly slightly elevated at middle; posterior incision extremely small and V-shaped, forming two papillated processes; lateral lobes digitiform and slightly incurved. Female eighth sternum ( Figs. 43–44 ) strongly sclerotized, subtriangular in lateral view, posterior margin distinctly elevated with distinct median incision, forming pair of obtuse processes; ninth segment ( Fig. 43 ) laterally inflated in one pair of large subquadrate sac-like lobes; ninth gonocoxite valvate and membranous with one digitiform process at tip; tenth tergum short, with posterior margin medially incised, leaving one subtriangular upper and one semicircular lower lobe. Material examined . Holotype ɗ, CHINA : Guangxi, Fangcheng, Fulong, 500 m , 24–25.V.1999 , Dajun Liu & Xuezhong Zhang ( IZCAS ). Paratypes : Ψ, CHINA : same data as holotype ( IZCAS ); ɗ, CHINA : Guangxi, Napo, Defu, 1350 m , 18.VI.2000 , Jun Chen ( IZCAS ); ɗ, CHINA : Guangxi, Napo, Beidou, 500 m , 22.VI.2000 , Jun Chen ( IZCAS ). ɗ, CHINA : Guangxi, Shiwandashan, 19.V. 2006 , Kuiyan Zhang ( CAU ); ɗ, CHINA : Yunnan, Funing, 800 m , 18.V.1979 , Yaoxuan Yin ( CAU ); ɗ, BURMA : Dawna, Sud-qst, 25.XI.1997 , Fumio Hayashi ( CAU ). Distribution . Burma (Dawna); China (Guangxi, Yunnan). Remarks . This species appears to be closely related to P. c o s t a l i s in having similar immaculate head and wing patterns, but can be easily separated by the rather shallow posterior incision of the male ninth sternum. In P. costalis , the posterior incision of the male ninth sternum is deep.