Revision of Afrotropical Dyscritobaeus Perkins, 1910 (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) Author Tortorici, Francesco Author Caleca, Virgilio Author Noort, Simon Van Author Masner, Lubomir text Zootaxa 2016 4178 1 1 59 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4178.1.1 2b965791-3303-41ac-bf83-be05c09c78ea 1175-5326 261632 D00D1335-72DF-4D8B-97E1-45642CF38AC8 Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins ( Figs 2 , 7, 9, 10, 13, 16, 26, 28, 38a, 38b, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:533F0DAB-45ED-428E-A38A-2C3D3FFB7475 http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=4274 Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ: Perkins (1910) : p. 622, original description. Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ: Kieffer (1926) : p. 156, description. Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ: ( Swezey 1929 ): p. 284. Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ: Johnson (1992) , p. 370, catalogued Dyscritobaeus sp. (b) ♀ : Mineo & Caleca (1992) : Fig. 4 , p. 13. Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ: Caleca & Mineo (1995) : Fig. I, p. 10. Dyscritobaeus sp. (b) ♀ : Caleca & Mineo (1995) : Fig. IV, p. 12., Fig. VI (6, 7), p. 16 Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ: O’Connor & Ashe (2012) : p. 315, keyed. Dyscritobaeus cerosus ♀ : O’Connor & Ashe (2012) : p. 314, original description, syn. nov. FIGURE 26 . Dyscritobaeus comitans Ƌ from Sulawesi: central keel, frontal depression smooth; FIGURE 27 . D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ holotype: central keel, frontal depression with curved striae, surrounding face striate; FIGURE 28 . D. comitans Ƌ from Sulawesi: metasoma in dorsal view, T2 striate; FIGURE 29 . D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ holotype: metasoma in dorsal view, T2 rugose. We provide a redescription to present a comparative uniform treatment of all species included in this paper. Based on a comparison of the holotypes of D. comitans (male) and D. cerosus O’Connor et Ashe (female), we consider D. cerosus to be a junior synonym of D. comitans ; differential characters separating the two specimens are linked to sexual dimorphism, similar to the degree of sexual dimorphism present in other Dyscritobaeus species. The specimen used for the description of the male was selected by one of the authors (V. Caleca) who compared it with the holotype . Diagnosis. The absence of a preoccipital lunula, in combination with a dorsally sharp occipital carina ( Figs 2 , 16), two character states shared with D. ndokii , distinguish these two species from the other Afrotropical species. A smooth frontal depression in combination with the presence of longitudinal striae on T2 distinguish D. comitans from D. ndokii . Description. Male: Sulawesi Utara : Dumoga Bone Nat., 0°34’N , 123°54’E ; 7–25 Jun ’85, Edge of rainforest, 220m , leg. A . D. Austin; (WINC); Ƌ Homotype Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins , compared by V. Caleca, 1990. Length of the body: 0.7 mm Head . Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and surpassing mid eye height; central keel reaching 1/2 the height of the eye ( Fig. 26 ). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation evident only in genal area ( Fig. 50 ). Head width: height: 0.3: 0.27: 0.14 mm . Malar sulcus length: 0.09 mm . Eye width: height = 0.09: 0.12 mm . OOL: LOL: POL = 0.07: 0.05: 0.09 mm . Mandibles bidentate with almost equal teeth. Antenna. Radicle yellow, scape and A2 yellow, A3–A12 brown; A12 twice as long as A11. Mesosoma . In dorsal view, mesonotum and scutellum brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum brown ( Fig. 48 ). In lateral view, pleurae brown with metapleural carina yellowish ( Fig. 50 ). In dorsal view mesonotum and scutellum imbricate; in lateral view speculum and femoral depression with furrow, posterior mesepimeral area anteriorly delimited by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow; dorsal and ventral metapleural area smooth anteriorly with crenulate depression with rugae posteriorly ( Fig. 50 ). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin ( Fig. 48, 50 ). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view and metanotal spine small, slightly surpassing propodeum ( Figs 48 , 52 ). Mesonotum length 0.15 mm , width 0.3 mm ; scutellum length 0.07 mm , width 0.21 mm . Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.08 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.9: 0.3: 2.4: 2.3: 6.6: 0.3: 0.6; angle st-pm= 20° as in Fig. 38b . Metasoma . T1 and T2 yellow, gradually transforming to brown in the other tergites. On T1 a pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous area from median area with costae started with basal grooves ( Figs 48 , 52 ); T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to imbricate, specillum absent, costae curved in the middle of posterior margin of T2 ( Fig. 52 ). Female : Sulawesi Utara : Dumoga Bone Nat., 0°34’N , 123°54’E ; 7–25 Jun ’85, Edge of rainforest, 220 m , leg. A. D. Austin ; ( WINC ); ♀ Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins , det. V. Caleca. Length of the body: 0.73 mm Head . Color brown. Coriaceous, frontal depression with a smooth area starting from the interantennal process and surpassing mid eye height; central keel reaching mid eye height ( Fig. 45 ). Fan-like striation in malar area from oral foramen to eye margin, striation evident just in genal area ( Figs 46, 49 ). Preoccipital lunula absent (Fig. 16). Measure of the head width: height: length = 0.31: 0.27: 0.16 mm . Malar sulcus length: 0.09 mm . Measure of eye width: heigth = 0.1: 0.14 mm . OOL: LOL: POL = 0.06: 0.05: 0.1 mm . Mandibles bidentate with almost equal tooth ( Fig. 46 ). Antenna, radicle, A1 and A2 yellowish to brown; A3 to A12 brown ( Fig. 45 ). A1 length: 0.18 mm ; A2 as long as A3+ A4. Clava six-segmented; A11 is longer as A12 ( Fig. 45 ). Claval sensilla formula 1:2:2:2:1:0. Mesosoma . In dorsal view, mesonotum and scutellum brown with posterior mesoscutellar margin yellowish; propodeum brown. In lateral view, pleurae brown with metapleural carina yellowish ( Fig. 47 ). In dorsal view mesonotum and scutellum imbricate; in lateral view speculum and femoral depression with furrow, posterior mesepimeral area anteriorly delimited by a mesepimeral sulcus with a crenulate furrow; dorsal and ventral metapleural areas smooth anteriorly with crenulate depression with rugae posteriorly ( Fig. 49 ). Metapleural carina with two pointed projections, one adjacent to propodeal spiracle and second one at posterior margin ( Figs 47, 49 ). Metascutellum visible in dorsal view and metanotal spine small, slightly surpassing propodeum ( Figs 47 , 51 ). Mesonotum length 0.16 mm , width 0.29 mm ; scutellum length 0.1 mm , width 0.22 mm . FIGURE 30 . Dyscritobaeus tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ holotype: metascutellum not protruding, metanotal spine absent; FIGURE 31 . D. sulawensis Ƌ: metascutellum ( a ) protruding, triangular; large metanotal spine; FIGURE 32 . D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ from Central African Republic: metascutellum ( b ) protruding, wide with posterior margin subparallel to mesoscutellum margin; small metanotal spine. FIGURE 33 . Dyscritobaeus . antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ holotype: T2 with drop-shaped specillum; FIGURE 34 . D. sulawensis Ƌ from Central African Republic: T2 without specillum, costae slightly curving in the middle and converging at posterior margin. FIGURES 35–37 . Dyscritobaeus parvipennis Ƌ: 35 —brachypterous form, from Reunion Is. [CNC 471161]; 36 — brachypterous form, from Queensland; 37 —macropterous form, from South Africa [CNC 471168]. FIGURES 38a–f . Fore wings: a — Dyscritobaeus comitans ♀, from Sulawesi; b — D. comitans Ƌ, from Sulawesi; c — D. ndokii Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. holotype Ƌ; d — D. antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. holotype Ƌ; e — D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. ♀; f — D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ. FIGURES 39a–f . Fore wings: a — Dyscritobaeus sulawensis ♀, from Zimbabwe; b — D. sulawensis Ƌ, from Kenya; c — D. bicolor ♀, from Central African Republic; d — D. bicolor Ƌ, from Uganda; e — D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. ♀, from Central African Republic; f — D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ, from Central African Republic. FIGURES 40a–f . Fore wings: a — Dyscritobaeus . parvipennis ♀, from Western Australia; b — D. parvipennis Ƌ, from Zimbabwe; c — D. orientalis holotype ♀; d — D. parvipennis Ƌ, from Queensland; e — D. kilimanjarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. holotype Ƌ; f — D. tanzaniensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. holotype Ƌ. FIGURES 41a–f . Antennae: a — Dyscritobaeus bicolor ♀ from Uganda; b — D. bicolor Ƌ from Central African Republic; c , D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. ♀ from Central African Republic; d — D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. Ƌ from Central African Republic; e — D. parvipennis ♀ from South Africa; f — D. parvipennis Ƌ from South Africa. FIGURES 42–43 . Different shape of sex segment (male fifth antennomere) in Malagasy species: 42 — Dyscritobaeus antananarivensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. holotype Ƌ; 43 — D. madagascarensis Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. allotype Ƌ. FIGURES 44a–c . Maxillary and labial palpi: a — Dyscritobaeus sulawensis from Zimbabwe (after Caleca & Mineo 1995); b — D. bicolor , holotype. Aedeagus: c — D. flavus Tortorici et Caleca sp. nov. from Nigeria (after Caleca & Mineo 1995). Wings. Fore wing hyaline, surpassing metasoma; st length 0.07 mm and ratio st: pm: mg: sm: ww: lw: af: pf = 1: 0.8: 0.5: 3.3: 3.2: 8.3: 1.8: 2.2; angle st-pm= 25° as in Fig. 38a . Legs yellow and coxae brown. Metasoma . In dorsal view, tergites brown, in ventral view sternites brown, laterotergites yellowish. On T1 a pair of longitudinal submedial carinae are aligned with the metapleural carinae and separate lateral coriaceous area from internal costae started with basal grooves ( Figs 47 , 51 ). T2 with foveolate anterior margin; costulate to imbricate, specillum elongate in the middle of T2, longitudinal costae converging to posterior margin of specillum as in Figs 13, 51. Comment and variability. Eighty-five specimens were examined from Africa, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal and Hawaii. In females, the anterior fringe of fore wings is long and the specillum is elongate, both of which are genderlinked characters. In all observed females the specillum has a variable shape, particularly at the anterior and posterior margins, it can be short with narrower margins (Figs 13, 51) or longer with wider margins (Fig. 7); the width of the specillum also varies from 9% to 16% of T2 width. FIGURES 45–50 . Dyscritobaeus comitans , ♀ from Ivory Coast, Ƌ from Sulawesi: 45 —♀, head and antennae, anterolateral view; 46 —♀, mandibles; 47 —♀, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 48 —Ƌ, head and mesosoma, dorsal view; 49 —♀, head and mesosoma, lateral view; 50 —Ƌ, head and mesosoma, lateral view. FIGURES 51–52 . Dyscritobaeus comitans , ♀ from Ivory Coast [CNC 471596]; Ƌ from Sulawesi: 51 —♀, metasoma, dorsal view; 52 —Ƌ, metasoma, dorsal view. Female length from 0.72 mm to 0.74 mm . Male length from 0.69 mm to 0.71mm . Distribution. This species is recorded from the Australian, Palearctic, Oriental , Afrotropical Regions. FIGURE 53 . Distribution of Dyscritobaeus comitans . Material examined. Holotype. Ƌ: USA : Hawaii : Honolulu, Bates st., 1904, Swept R. CLP., (BPBM), [1513]. Homotypes Dyscritobaeus comitans Perkins , compared by V. Caleca, 1990: INDONESIA : Sulawesi Utara : Dumoga Bone Nat. Pk; 0°34'N, 123°54'E, edge of rainforest, 220m , 23Ƌ, 7–25.vi.1985 , A.D. Austin, (WINC) [USNMENT01223488, 0 1223489, 0 1223000, 0 1223001, 0 1223002, 0 1223003, 0 1223004, 0 1223005, 0 1223006, 0 1223007, 0 1223009, 0 1223010, 0 1223011, 0 1223012, 0 1223013, 0 1223014, 0 1223015, 0 1223016, 0 1223017, 0 1223018, 0 1223019, 0 1223020, 01223022], (1Ƌ, wings on slide, Figs 38b ); MALAYSIA : Pahang, Genting H’lands, 1Ƌ, 1986/12, A.D. Austin, (WINC) [USNMENT01223021]. INDONESIA : Sulawesi , forest side of the River Toraut, N0°34', E123°54', 15-18.ix.1985 , Malaise trap, Patrick Ashe leg. ( NMID ) [ NMINH :2016.6.1] ( holotype of D. cerosus ) INDONESIA : Curug : 1♀ , 8Ƌ, 1980/02/07 – 1980/02/14 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 394575, 471604, 471605, 471606, 471607, 471608, 471609, 471610, 471611]; 1♀, 2Ƌ, 1980/04/01 – 1980/04/07 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471612, 471613, 471614]; 7♀, 1980/04/08 – 1980/04/14 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471615, 471616, 471617, 471618, 471619, 471620, 471621]; 4Ƌ, 1980/04/14 – 1980/04/21 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471622, 471623, 471624, 471625]; 1Ƌ, 1981/01/04 - 1981/01/11 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471626]; 1♀, 1981/01/24 – 1981/02/12 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471663]; 3♀, 1981/02/24 – 1981/03/10 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471660, 471661, 471662]; 1♀, 1981/03/23 – 1981/04/06 , H. R. Gillespie, (CNCI), [CNC 471627]; 1Ƌ, 1981/07/05 – 1981/05/17 , H. R. Gillespie, pan trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471628]; 1♀, 1Ƌ, 1981/07/19 – 1981/08/21 , H. R. Gillespie , pan trap , ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471629, 471630 ]; Sulawesi Utara : Dumoga Bone Nat. Pk; 0°34'N , 123°54'E , edge of rainforest, 220m , 7♀ , 7– 25.vi.1985 , A .D. Austin, ( WINC ) [USNMENT01223023, 0 1223024, 0 1223025, 0 1223026, 0 1223027, 0 1223028, 01223029], ( 1♀ , wings on slide, Figs 38a ); AFRICA : Ivory Coast : Bouake , rice field, 1♀ , 1980/03, P. Cochereau , ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471596 ] ; 6°13'N 5°02'W Lamto ~ 160km NW of Abidjan , 2♀ Ƌ, xi.1988 J.S.Noyes MT/YPT, ( OSUC ), [ OSUC 142869, 64685 ]; Kenya : Nyanza kusa, 0°18'12''S 34°53'21''E , 1♀, 2003/09/11 – 2003/10/04 , I. Přikryl , Malaise Trap , ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471597 ]; Mozambique : Niassa Cuamba, Chatholic University of Mozambique farm, 600m , 1♀, 2006/02/02 – 2006/04/17 , M. Olmi , MT, ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471598 ]; Nigeria : Oyo Ibadan , IITA compound, 1♀ , 1987/11, J. S. Noyes , MT, ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471599 ]; Uganda : Kibale National Park, Kanyawara , Makerere University Biogical Field Station , Primary mid-altitude Rainforest , near stream, 0°33.408'N 30°22.603'E , 1587m , 1♀ , 2008/08/02 , S. van Noort , Malaise Trap , ( SAMC ), [SAM-HYM-P 030697 ]; United Arab Emirates : SSW of Ghaid , 25.09N 55.48E , 1♀, 2005/12/10 – 2005/12/29 , A . van Harten, light trap , ( CNCI ), [ CNC #3590 /471600] ; Zimbabwe : Salisbury , 1♀ , 1979/06, A . Watsham, ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471601 ] ; INDIA : Madhya Predesh : Jabalpur , Sof town , scrubby area, 1♀ , 1967/03/24 , Topàl , ( CNCI ), [ CNC No . 259/471602]; Uttar Predesh : Aligarh , 1♀, 1978/08/11 , M. Hayat, (CNCI), [CNC 471603]; JAPAN : Honshu : Douzuki, Obara, 1Ƌ, 1990/08/08 – 1990/08/17 , K. Yamagishi , PT, ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471631 ]; Kyushu : Fukuoka , Mt Hiko , 700m , 1♀, 1989/09/11 – 1989/09/18 , K. Takeno , M. Sharkey , MT, ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471632 ]; Tochigi Pref .: Hikinuma , Shiobara , 1♀ , 1985/07/12 , K. Takahashi , Truck trap , ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471633 ]; NEPAL : Nepal : centr. Kakani , 2070m , 1♀ , 1983/08/1 – 1983/08/23 , H.G. Allen, Malaise Trap , (CNCI), [CNC 471634]; PHILIPPINES : Leyte : Visca , Baybay , 1♀ , 1Ƌ, 1982/09/23 – 1982/10/20 , C. Starr, PT, (CNCI), [CNC 471635, 471636]; THAILAND : Chang : Kiang Doi Suthop , riv. Gully , 1♀ , 1985/02/16 , D. Jackson , ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471637 ] ; USA : Hawaii : Hilo Coast , Kolekole Beach Park , 1♀ , 4Ƌ, 1983/10/19 , D. M. LaSalle , ( CNCI ), [ CNC 471640, 471639 , 471638, 471641, 471642]; Honolulu , 1Ƌ, 1906 , RCLP Perkins collection, (BPBM to CNCI), [BPBMent 78694].