Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae Author Lecroy, Mary Department of Vertebrate Zoology (Ornithology) American Museum of Natural History text Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2014 2014-12-30 2014 393 1 165 journal article 7639 10.1206/885.1 48769858-fe3b-415b-9ac8-3feeb42a9bae 0003-0090 4629954 Perisoreus canadensis sanfordi Oberholser Perisoreus canadensis sanfordi Oberholser, 1914: 49 (Fox Island River, Newfoundland). Now Perisoreus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus, 1766) . See Hellmayr, 1934: 66–70 ; Blake and Vaurie, 1962: 236–238 ; Strickland and Ouellet, 1993: 3 ; Dickinson, 2003: 505 ; dos Anjos, 2009: 591–592 . HOLOTYPE : AMNH 388226 , adult male, collected on Fox Island River , 48.42N, 58.40W (Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names, 1968 ), Newfoundland, Canada , on 28 June 1912 , by Leonard C. Sanford. From the Sanford Collection (no. 506). COMMENTS: In the original description, Oberholser designated the male collected on 28 June 1912 as the type of sanfordi . He had three paratypes ( Oberholser, 1914 : chart on p. 50), only two of which are in AMNH : Fox Island River , AMNH 756009 , male, AMNH 756015 , female, both collected on 5 July 1912 . I did not find the third, a female collected on Fox Island River on 12 July 1912 , either in the catalog or in the collection. The holotype was cataloged at the time Oberholser named sanfordi ; the remainder of the Sanford Collection was cataloged much later, when only 756009 and 756015 were cataloged, along with two juvenile specimens that were not part of Oberholser’s type series. Hellmayr (1934: 66) synonymized sanfordi with P. c. nigricapillus and this has been followed by most subsequent authors; Strickland and Ouellet (1993: 3) and dos Anjos (2009: 591) subsequently synonymized nigricapillus with nominate canadensis . Van Els et al. (2012) studied genetic diversity in Perisoreus canadensis and their results suggested a widespread boreal clade with evidence of a glacial refugium in Newfoundland.