New species of terebellid polychaetes (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from Australia Author Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos Author Hutchings, Pat A. text Zootaxa 2007 1473 1 24 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.176723 7096c729-7172-4d51-b62f-b7eacc83db64 1175-5326 176723 Amphitritides carawa sp. nov. ( Figs 1 , 2 A–C, 3) Material examined. Type series. All type material coll. Cowan Creek, New South Wales , 33º 39' S 151º 10' E , under boulders at low water mark, by P. Hutchings & J. Nogueira, 10th October 2004 , fixed in 7% formalin and subsequently washed and transferred to 80% ethanol. Holotype (AM W30724) well preserved, complete specimen, measuring 41 mm in length, 6 mm maximum width anteriorly, with 20 pairs of notopodia, ripe male. Paratypes : paratype 1 (AM W30725) posteriorly incomplete specimen (although several posterior fragments are also inside the vial), with 22 pairs of notopodia, ripe male; paratype 2 (AM W30727), posteriorly incomplete specimen, missing posteriormost segments and pygidium, measuring 25 mm in length, 2.28 mm maximum width anteriorly and with 20 pairs of notopodia; paratype 3 ( MZUSP 17359) well preserved, posteriorly incomplete specimen, missing posteriormost segments and pygidium, measuring 53 mm in length, 5 mm maximum width anteriorly, with 21 pairs of notopodia, gravid female, with many oocytes in anterior and mid abdominal segments; paratype 4 ( MZUSP 17359), poorly preserved, posteriorly incomplete specimen, measuring 46 mm in length, 3.5 mm maximum width anteriorly, with 19 pairs of notopodia. FIGURE 1. Amphitritides carawa sp. nov. A, anterior end, ventral view; B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, anterior end, left lateral view; D, closer view of the anterior end, ventral view; E–F, anterior end, ventrolateral views; G, posterior end, ventral view; H, anterior end, right ventrolateral view. Photos A–G from holotype, photo H from paratype 4. Arrows point to nephridial papillae; numbers refer to segments; ll = lower lip; P = prostomium; pe = peristomium; ul = upper lip. Scale bars: A, D: 2 mm; B–C, E–H: 1 mm. Additional material. AM W30723: coll. Smiths Creek, New South Wales , 33° 36' 58" S 151° 11' 20" E , intertidally, 2nd June 2001 , 2 individuals both gravid, fixed in 100% alcohol: 45 mm in length, 5 mm maximum width anteriorly, with 21 pairs of notopodia, complete; 25 mm in length, 2.5 mm maximum width anteriorly, with 22 pairs of notopodia, incomplete. Comparative material examined. Amphitritides gracilis ( Grube, 1860 ) : Type material: syntypes : ZMB 5045: 4 specimens , coll. Scilly Islands, off southwest England . Non-type material: AM W 200884 : 2 specimens , coll. Wembury Bay, Devon, England , 50° 17' 60” N , 4° 4' 60” W , by P. Gibbs, 26th March 1970 . Amphitritides harpa Hutchings and Glasby, 1988 : Type material: holotype : AM W 200344 : coll. Eclipse Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia , 18º 46’ S 146º 33’ E ; paratype : AM W 200345 : coll. One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia , 23º 30’ S 152º 05’ E . Amphitritides ithya Hutchings and Glasby, 1988 : Type material: holotype : AM W 200338 : coll. Port Denison, Queensland, Australia , 20º 03’ S 148º 15’ E ; paratype : AM W 200339 : coll. West of Topsy Creek, Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, Australia , 15º 28.5’ S 140º 53.2’ E . Non-type material: AM W 22421: 4 specimens , 2 of which donated to MZUSP (MZUSP17396), coll. north-east of East Wallabi Island, Houtman Abrolhos, Western Australia , 28° 24' S , 113° 46' 10" E ; NTM W2107: 1 specimen , coll. Mangrove Point, Broome, Western Australia , 17°58.5' S 122°14.5' E , 27th September 1984 , LWS, by J.R. Hanley, off old jetty pilings; NTM W2794: 1 specimen , coll. East Point, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia , 12°25' S 130°49.5' E , 18th May 1985 , LWS, by J.R. Hanley, under rocks imbedded in mud; NTM W2825: 1 specimen , coll. East Point, Darwin, Northern Territory, 12°25' S 130°49.5' E , 18th May 1985 , LWS, by J. Montefiore, under rocks imbedded in mud; NTM W3954: 2 specimens , coll. Cable Beach, Broome, Western Australia , 17°58.3' S 122°11.3' E , 29th September 1984 , LWS, by J.R. Hanley, under stones on beach. Description. Body long, robust, white in life, with red branchiae and bright yellow buccal tentacles, pale after preservation; body distinctly inflated dorsally on anterior segments, with faint segmentation dorsally ( Fig. 1 B–C). Prostomium at base of upper lip, basal part lacking eyespots, distal part forming shelf-like tentacular membrane from which numerous buccal tentacles originate ( Fig. 1 A–F, H). Peristomium forming lips and continuing laterally from mouth for short extension; upper lip short, hood-like, convoluted, broader than high; lower lip narrow and swollen ( Fig. 1 A, D–F, H). Segment 1 dorsally narrow, more developed ventrally, forming protruding lobe below lower lip ( Fig. 1 A–F, H). Segments 2–4 with anterior margins forming low, protruding crests laterally and ventrally ( Fig. 1 A, C–F, H). Ventral shields on segments 2–15, all smooth, rectangular, wider on segments 2–4, then progressively narrowing; long shield on segment 2, shield on segment 4 shortest, then progressively longer on segments 5–13; from segment 16, mid-ventral shields replaced by stripe extending posteriorly until pygidium ( Fig. 1 A, D, G). Two pairs of short, branching branchiae on segments 2–3, both pairs with short, thick main stem, with dichotomous ramifications starting from close to base and ending with short filaments; first pair originating from middle of segment 2, second pair originating from posterior part of segment 3, at border with segment 4, and aligned slightly laterally to first pair; first pair about twice as large as second pair and measuring less than half of body width ( Fig. 1 A–F, H). Notopodia beginning from segment 4 and extending for 19–22 segments, 20 in holotype . Notopodia short, approximately rectangular, all similar in size, first pair dorsally aligned to following pairs ( Fig. 1 A, C, F, H). Notochaetae of both tiers with basally inflated limbation, starting from distal half of chaetae in case of those on posterior tier, and finely denticulate tips ( Fig. 2 A–C). Neuropodia starting from segment 5, as low rectangular ridges slightly raised from surface of body throughout ( Fig. 1 A, C–H); abdominal neuropodia close to mid ventral groove ( Fig. 1 G), without internal supporting rods ( Fig. 3 D). Uncini with short triangular heel, distally pointed prow downwardly directed, dorsal button at about mid-length of distance between base of main fang and tip of prow, and main fang surmounted by 3 rows of secondary teeth ( Fig. 3 ). Uncini arranged in double rows, rows completely separated from each other, with uncini directed beak to beak, from segment 11 until close to pygidium ( Fig. 3 C–D). Nephridial papillae on segments 3 and 6–19, inserted laterally and slightly anteriorly to branchial stem on segment 3, and anteriorly to base of notopodia and aligned to them on segments 6–19 ( Fig. 1 A, D–F, H). Pygidium smooth ( Fig. 1 G). FIGURE 2. Amphitritides carawa sp. nov. Holotype. A, general view of notochaetae from segment 20; rectangular areas and letters refer to figures which show those specific areas in higher magnification; B, closer view of base of limbation, of one chaeta from posterior tier of notochaetae, segment 20; C, closer view of tip of one chaeta from posterior tier of notochaetae, segment 20. Streblosoma bingarra sp. nov. Holotype. D, tips of two chaetae from the anterior tier of notochaetae, segment 6; E, tip of one chaeta from posterior tier of notochaetae, segment 6; F, general view of notochaetae from segment 6. Scale bars: A: 100 Μm; B–C: 20 Μm; D–E: 50 Μm; F: 150 Μm. Remarks. In addition to A. carawa sp. nov. , described above, five other species of Amphitritides are known, which are distinguished from each other mainly by the number of pairs of notopodia, morphology of notochaetae and uncini, segments with nephridial papillae and the position of these papillae ( Table 1 ). Amphitritides bruneacomata ( Ehlers, 1887 ) differs from A. carawa sp. nov. , as it has distally brown buccal tentacles, 27 pairs of notopodia, both pairs of branchiae of similar size, uncini with 2 rows of secondary teeth above main fang, double rows of uncini in a partially intercalated arrangement and nephridial papillae extending until segment 20 ( Ehlers 1887 ; Monro 1933 ), while A. carawa sp. nov. , has yellow buccal tentacles in life, pale after fixation, 19–22 pairs of notopodia, first pair of branchiae about twice the size of second pair, uncini with 3 rows of secondary teeth, double rows of uncini completely separated from each other and nephridial papillae terminating on segment 19 ( Table 1 ). Amphitritides gracilis differs from A. carawa sp. nov. , as it has uncini with 5 rows of secondary teeth above main fang and nephridial papillae on segments 3 and 6-13, inserted between parapodial lobes ( Table 1 ). Amphitritides harpa differs from A. carawa sp. nov. , as it has notopodia extending until the posterior body, posterior notochaetae, on both tiers, alimbate with serrated blade at an angle with the shaft, uncini with upwardly directed prow, double rows of uncini in a partially intercalated arrangement and fewer pairs of nephridial papillae, originating between parapodial lobes, at dorsal end of tori, while A. carawa sp. nov. , has fewer pairs of notopodia, all notochaetae with basally bulbous limbation and finely serrated tips along the same axis as shaft, double rows of uncini completely separated from each other, uncini with downwardly directed prow and nephridial papillae originating anteriorly to base of notopodia ( Table 1 ). FIGURE 3. Amphitritides carawa sp. nov. Holotype. A, uncini, segment 8; B, closer view of other uncini from segment 8; C, anterior abdominal uncini; D, posterior abdominal uncini. Scale bars: A, D: 20 Μm; B: 10 Μm; C: 30 Μm. Amphitritides ithya is very similar to A. carawa sp. nov. in regards to the morphology of notochaetae and uncini. These species differ, however, because A. ithya has prostomial eyespots, nephridial papillae extending only until segment 14 and it is a smaller species, the largest specimens examined measuring up to around 34 mm in length, while the holotype of A. carawa sp. nov. , is 46 mm long ( Table 1 ). It could be argued that A. carawa sp. nov. as defined above could represent adult specimens of A. ithya , however those species seem to have well limited ranges of variation for size and number of nephridial papillae and no intermediates between Size: length x width (mm) 13.2 x 1.3 ( holotype ) 21 x 3 41 x 6 those ranges have been observed. The study of additional non type material of A . ithya varying considerably in size showed that prostomial eyespots may fade with time, but the number of pairs of nephridial papillae is consistent, not dependent on size. For this reason, we consider A. carawa sp. nov. , as a separate taxon. TABLE 1. Comparison between the species currently assigned to the genus Amphitritides .

A. bruneocomata	A. gracilis	A. harpa
Type locality	Caribbean Sea, off Flor- ida, USA	Scilly Islands, England	Eclipse Island, Queensland, Australia
Size: length x width (mm)	84 x 5	98 x 4	19 x 1
Number of pairs of notopodia	27	17–21	notopodia extending until posterior body
Morphology of notochaetae limbation	narrow	basally swollen	notochaetae of anterior notochaetigerous segments with narrow limbation; notochaetae of posterior notochaetigerous segments alimbate
tip	finely serrated	finely serrated	anterior notochaetae with smooth, alimbate tip; poste- rior notochaetae with ser- rated blade, at an angle with shaft
Morphology of uncini rows of secondary teeth prow posterior part arrangement in double rows	2 downwardly directed weakly bent partially intercalating	5 downwardly directed weakly bent completely separated	3 upwardly directed weakly bent partially intercalating
Nephridial papillae segments position of papillae from seg- ment 6	3, 6–20 not said	3, 6–13 between parapodial lobes	3, 6–10 between parapodial lobes

Source	Ehlers 1887, Monro 1933 personal observation	personal observation
continued.
Type locality	A. ithya A. pectinobranchiata Port Denison, Queen- Canal Desertores, off sland, Australia Chile	A. carawa sp. nov. Smith’s Creek, New South Wales, Australia

Number of pairs of notopodia	18–20 13	19–22
Morphology of notochaetae limbation tip	basally swollen narrow finely serrated finely serrated	basally swollen finely serrated
Morphology of uncini rows of secondary teeth prow posterior part arrangement in double rows	3 4 downwardly directed downwardly directed weakly bent strongly bent completely separated not said	3 downwardly directed weakly bent completely separated
Nephridial papillae segments position of papillae from seg- ment 6	3, 6–14 3, not said at anterior base of notopo- dia and aligned to them	3, 6–19 at anterior base of notopodia and aligned to them
Source	personal observation Hartmann-Schröder 1965	personal observation

Finally, A. 1965 ) ( Table 1 ). Etymology. The specific name “ carawa ” is an Aboriginal word for creek ( Endacott 1973 ) referring to the type locality of Cowan Creek.