The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior Author Schmidt, C. A. Author Shattuck, S. O. text Zootaxa 2014 2014-06-18 3817 1 1 242 journal article 5350 10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1 d66f1b27-5891-4fa5-96e0-f75cb3ec2445 1175-5326 A3C10B34-7698-4C4D-94E5-DCF70B475603 Species of Hypoponera Hypoponera is in desperate need of a thorough species level revision, as the genus has never received any comprehensive revisionary work, many synonyms exist, and a great many species await description ( Taylor, 1967 ). The only exception to this is the Afrotropical and western Palaearctic faunas, which were recently revised by Bolton & Fisher (2011) . Examining the remaining fauna will be a monumental task, as the true diversity of the genus is probably dramatically higher than presently known. H. abeillei ( André, 1881 ) : France ( Corsica ) H. agilis (Borgmeier, 1934) : Surinam H. albopubescens (Menozzi, 1939) : Indonesia ( Sumatra ) H. aliena (Smith, F., 1858) : Brazil H. angustata ( Santschi, 1914 ) : Guinea H. aprora Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Tanzania H. argentina (Santschi, 1922) : Argentina H. assmuthi ( Forel, 1905 ) : India H. austra Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : South Africa H. beebei (Wheeler, W.M., 1924) : Ecuador ( Galapagos Islands ) H. beppin Terayama, 1999 : Japan H. biroi (Emery, 1900) : New Guinea H. blanda Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Central African Republic H. boerorum (Forel, 1901) : South Africa H. bugnioni ( Forel, 1912 ) : Indonesia ( Sumatra ) H. bulawayensis (Forel, 1913) : Zimbabwe H. butteli (Forel, 1913) : Indonesia ( Sumatra ) H. camerunensis ( Santschi, 1914 ) : Cameroon H. ceylonensis (Mayr, 1897) : Sri Lanka H. clavatula (Emery, 1906) : Argentina H. coeca ( Santschi, 1914 ) : Cameroon H. collegiana (Santschi, 1925) : Brazil H. collegiana paranensis (Santschi, 1925) : Brazil H. comis Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Tanzania H. confinis ( Roger, 1860 ) : Sri Lanka H. confinis aitkenii (Forel, 1900) : India H. confinis epinotalis (Viehmeyer, 1916) : Singapore H. confinis javana ( Forel, 1905 ) : Indonesia ( Java ) H. confinis singaporensis (Viehmeyer, 1916) : Singapore H. confinis wroughtonii (Forel, 1900) : India H. congrua (Wheeler, W.M., 1934) : Australia H. convexiuscula (Forel, 1900) : Australia H. creola (Menozzi, 1931) : Costa Rica H. decora (Clark, 1934) : Australia H. defessa Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ghana H. dema Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Rwanda H. dis Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Tanzania H. distinguenda ( Emery, 1890 ) : Venezuela H. distinguenda dispar (Santschi, 1925) : Brazil H. distinguenda histrio ( Forel, 1912 ) : Brazil H. distinguenda inexpedita (Forel, 1911) : Brazil H. distinguenda vana (Forel, 1909) : Guatemala H. dulcis (Forel, 1907) : Tanzania H. eduardi (Forel, 1894) : Algeria H. elliptica (Forel, 1900) : Australia H. emeryi (Donisthorpe, 1943) : New Guinea H. ergatandria (Forel, 1893) : West Indies H. eutrepta (Wilson, 1958) : Fiji Islands H. exigua Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ethiopia H. exoecata (Wheeler, W.M., 1928) : China H. faceta (Menozzi, 1931) : Costa Rica H. faex Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ethiopia H. fatiga Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ghana H. fenestralis (Gallardo, 1918) : Argentina H. fiebrigi ( Forel, 1908 ) : Paraguay H. fiebrigi antoniensis ( Forel, 1912 ) : Colombia H. fiebrigi famini ( Forel, 1912 ) : Colombia H. fiebrigi transiens (Santschi, 1925) : Argentina H. foeda (Forel, 1893) : West Indies H. foeda saroltae ( Forel, 1912 ) : Brazil H. foreli ( Mayr, 1887 ) : Brazil H. gibbinota ( Forel, 1912 ) : Great Britain H. gleadowi ( Forel, 1895 ) : India H. gracilicornis (Menozzi, 1931) : Costa Rica H. grandidieri ( Santschi, 1921 ) : Madagascar H. hawkesi Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Tanzania H. hebes Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Rwanda H. herbertonensis (Forel, 1915) : Australia H. idelettae ( Santschi, 1923 ) : Brazil H. ignavia Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Zimbabwe H. ignigera (Menozzi, 1927) : Costa Rica H. iheringi ( Forel, 1908 ) : Brazil H. importuna Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Gabon H. inaudax (Santschi, 1919) : DRC H. indigens ( Forel, 1895 ) : Madagascar H. indigens bellicosa ( Forel, 1895 ) : Madagascar H. inexorata (Wheeler, W.M., 1903) : United States H. inexorata fallax (Forel, 1909) : Guatemala H. jeanneli (Santschi, 1935) : Kenya H. jocosa Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ethiopia H. johannae ( Forel, 1891 ) : Madagascar H. juxta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ethiopia H. lamellosa (Forel, 1907) : West Malaysia H. lassa Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ghana H. lea (Santschi, 1937) : Sierra Leone H. leninei (Santschi, 1925) : Brazil H. lepida Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Ghana H. longiceps (Forel, 1913) : Java H. ludovicae ( Forel, 1892 ) : Madagascar H. lumpurensis (Forel, 1907) : West Malaysia H. lumpurensis slamatana (Forel, 1913) : Indonesia ( Sumatra ) H. mackayensis (Forel, 1900) : Australia H. macradelphe (Wilson, 1958) : New Guinea H. madeccasa ( Santschi, 1938 ) : Madagascar H. malayana (Wheeler, W.M., 1929) : West Malaysia H. menozzii (Santschi, 1932) : Costa Rica H. meridia Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : South Africa H. mixta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Kenya H. molesta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Gabon H. monticola ( Mann, 1921 ) : Fiji Islands H. natalensis ( Santschi, 1914 ) : South Africa H. neglecta ( Santschi, 1923 ) : Brazil H. nippona (Santschi, 1937) : Japan H. nitidula ( Emery, 1890 ) : Costa Rica H. nivariana (Santschi, 1908) : Spain ( Canary Islands ) H. nubatama Terayama & Hashimoto, 1996 : Japan H. obtunsa Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Zimbabwe H. occidentalis ( Bernard, 1953 ) : Guinea H. odiosa Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Cameroon H. opaciceps ( Mayr, 1887 ) : Brazil H. opaciceps cubana (Santschi, 1930) : Cuba H. opaciceps gaigei (Forel, 1914) : Colombia H. opaciceps jamaicensis (Aguayo, 1932) : Jamaica H. opaciceps pampana (Santschi, 1925) : Argentina H. opacior (Forel, 1893) : West Indies H. orba ( Emery, 1915 ) : Ethiopia H. pallidula (Emery, 1900) : New Guinea H. papuana (Emery, 1900) : New Guinea H. parva (Forel, 1909) : Guatemala H. perparva Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : South Africa H. perplexa ( Mann, 1922 ) : Honduras H. petiolata ( Bernard, 1953 ) : Guinea H. pia (Forel, 1901) : New Guinea H. producta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Gabon H. pruinosa (Emery, 1900) : New Guinea H. pulchra Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Equatorial Guinea H. punctatissima (Roger, 1859) : Poland and Germany H. punctatissima indifferens ( Forel, 1895 ) : Madagascar H. punctiventris ( Emery, 1901 ) : New Guinea H. pygmaea (Forel, 1907) : West Malaysia H. quaestio Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Tanzania H. queenslandensis (Forel, 1900) : Australia H. ragusai (Emery, 1894) : Italy ( Sicily ) H. rectidens (Clark, 1934) : Australia H. regis Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Tanzania H. reichenspergeri ( Santschi, 1923 ) : Brazil H. rigida Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Uganda H. sabronae ( Donisthorpe, 1941 ) : New Guinea H. sakalava ( Forel, 1891 ) : Madagascar H. sakalava excelsior ( Forel, 1892 ) : Madagascar H. sauteri Onoyama, 1989 : Taiwan H. schmalzi ( Emery, 1896 ) : Brazil H. schmalzi fugitans ( Forel, 1912 ) : Brazil H. schmalzi paulina (Forel, 1913) : Brazil H. schwebeli (Forel, 1913) : Brazil H. scitula (Clark, 1934) : Australia H. segnis Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Rwanda H. silvestrii (Donisthorpe, 1947) : China H. sinuosa ( Bernard, 1953 ) : Guinea H. siremps (Forel, 1901) : Papua New Guinea ( Bismarck Archipelago ) H. sororcula (Wilson, 1958) : New Guinea H. spei (Forel, 1910) : South Africa H. stoica (Santschi, 1912) : Uruguay H. sulcatinasis ( Santschi, 1914 ) : South Africa H. sulciceps (Clark, 1928) : Australia H. surda Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Kenya H. taprobanae (Forel, 1913) : Sri Lanka H. tecta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Kenya H. tenella ( Emery, 1901 ) : New Guinea H. traegaordhi ( Santschi, 1914 ) : South Africa H. transvaalensis (Arnold, 1947) : South Africa H. trigona ( Mayr, 1887 ) : Brazil H. trigona cauta ( Forel, 1912 ) : Brazil H. tristis Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Rwanda H. truncata (Smith, F., 1860) : Indonesia ( Sulawesi ) H. turaga ( Mann, 1921 ) : Fiji Islands H. ursa ( Santschi, 1924 ) : DRC H. vanreesi ( Forel, 1912 ) : Java H. venusta Bolton & Fisher, 2011 : Rwanda H. vernacula (Kempf, 1962) : Brazil H. viri ( Santschi, 1923 ) : Brazil H. vitiensis ( Mann, 1921 ) : Fiji Islands H. wilsoni (Santschi, 1925) : Brazil H. zwaluwenburgi (Wheeler, W.M., 1933) : Hawaii Incertae sedis H. leveillei ( Emery, 1890 ) : Venezuela ( comb. nov. ) Fossil species † H. atavia (Mayr, 1868) : Baltic Amber