Further draining of Discocyrtus to expand Neopachylinae (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae): absorption of taxa and establishment of new genera and species Author Carvalho, Rafael N. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, São Cristóvão, 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil & Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto de Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, Maracanã, 20.550 - 900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil rafaelcarvalhobio@hotmail.com Author Kury, Adriano B. Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Quinta da Boa Vista s / n, São Cristóvão, 20.940 - 040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2025 zlae 023 2024-03-30 203 1 1 65 https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae023 journal article 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae023 0024-4082 14802079 BB99D24-3973-4413-B127-BDAA83186FA3 Iamarinus pontesi gen. et sp. nov. ( Figs 24–28 ) ZooBank LSID : urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5C224A36-7322- 43D9-B45A-C354D9DC2DDF . Etymology Iamarinus pontesi is designated in acknowledgment of the substantialcontributionsbyconservationistJoãoPontestothepreservation and conservation of biodiversity in the Reserva Natural Guaricica, situated in Antonina , Paraná , Brazil .Gender masculine. Figure 23. Iamarinus fenax , ♀ (MHNCI 6305). A, armature of scutal area III, posterior view. B, ocularium, frontal view. C, habitus, dorsal view. D, Right trochanter and femur IV, dorsal view. E, same, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A–B), 3 mm (C–E). Table 13. Leg measurements of Iamarinus fenax , ♀ (MHNCI 6305)

Tr	Fe	Pa	Ti	Mt	Ta	Cl	Total
Pp	0.48	1.44	0.66	1.18	−	0.96	0.93	5.66
Leg I	0.64	2.25	0.80	1.66	2.57	1.46	–	9.39
Leg II	0.68	4.11	1.21	3.00	4.48	2.69	−	16.18
Leg III	0.78	3.28	1.13	2.27	3.55	1.64	−	12.66
Leg IV	0.98	4.57	1.21	2.98	4.53	1.80	−	16.07

Type data Iamarinus pontesi : ♂ holotype ( MNRJ 2789 ) , 3 ♂ paratypes 3 ♀ paratypes 1 juv ( MNRJ 60562 ), from BRAZIL , state of Paraná , Antonina ,ReservaBiológicaBomJesus,-25.296 235°,-48.613 820°, 178 m , 09.xi.2019 , Ázara, L.N. , Carvalho, R.N. & Kury, A.B. leg. ; 3 ♂ paratypes ♀ paratype ( MNRJ 378 ), from BRAZIL , state of Paraná , Antonina , Reserva Natural Guaricica , Trilha dos Fornos , -25,30 252°, -48,66 005°, 125 m , 16.xi.2021 , Carvalho, R. N. et al. leg . ; ♂ paratype ♀ paratype ( MNRJ 60561 ), from BRAZIL , state of Paraná , Antonina , Reserva Natural Guaricica , Trilha da Rede , -25.302 599°, -48.672 713°, 112 m , 07.xi.2019 , Ázara, L.N. , Carvalho, R.N. & Kury, A.B. leg. ; ♂ paratype ( MHNCI 6429 ), from BRAZIL , state of Paraná , Guaraqueçaba , Casa da SEMMA , 04.iii.1988 , Bornschein & Motta leg. ; 2 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MHNCI 6835 ), from BRAZIL , state of Paraná , Piraquara , Banhado , 13.i.1991 , Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Bérnils, R. S. leg . Diagnosis Iamarinus pontesi can be distinguished from I. fenax due to: (1) Scutal area I with three pairs of paramedian conspicuous tubercles ( Figs 25A , 26A ); (2) Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis with distal portion forming an acute angle in relation to the longitudinal axis ( Figs 25A , 26A ); (3) Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis short, slightly bent distad ( Fig. 25A–B, D ); (4) Cx IV prodorsal apophysis with a second branch on central third ( Figs 25A–C , 26A, D ); (5) Fe IV sinuous ( Figs 25B , 26F, H ); (6) Ti IV with an apical bifurcated spine on retroventral face ( Fig. 26F, I ). Distribution BRAZIL : state of Paraná : Antonina, Guaraqueçaba, Piraquara ( Fig. 21 ). Redescription MNRJ 2789 (male) for the external body illustrations and description; DS, measurements: CW 3.3, CL 2.4, AW 6.0, AL 3.1; Leg I–IV measurements inTable 14; Right/left tarsal (distitarsal) counts: 6(3)/6(3) - 10(3)/10(3) - 7/7 - 7/7. MNRJ 60562 (male) for genitalic illustrations. Dorsum: DS gamma-pyriform, as long as wide, with AS lateral margins strongly convex, widest and thickest at scutal area III , with sinuous posterior margin ( Figs 24A–B , 25A–B , 26A, D ). DS anterior margin divided by a small central projection in the center and a pair of shallow cheliceral sockets ( Figs 25A , 26A ). Carapace posterior portion with a paramedian pair of prominent tubercles, surrounded by ordinary tubercles on lateral and posterior portions ( Figs 25A , 26A, D ). Ocularium elliptical (in dorsal view), high ( c . 4× the eye diameter), perpendicularly placed in the middle of the carapace ( Figs 24A–B , 25A–B , 26A–B, D ). Ocularium with a pair of almost parallel spines ( c . 3× the eye diameter) ( Figs 24A–B , 25A–B , 26A–B, D ). AS lateral margins with two rows of tubercles: one external, composed of four–five prominent subconical tubercles at areas II–IV; another internal one with ordinary tubercles from the posterior corner of the carapace to the posterior margin ( Figs 25A , 26A ). Mesotergum is divided into four clearly defined areas ( Figs 24A , 25A , 26A ). All scutal areas tuberculate ( Figs 25A , 26A, D ). Scutal area I divided into left and right halves by a longitudinal median groove ( Figs 24A , 25A , 26A ). Scutal areas I–II with three pairs of conspicuous tubercles ( c . 2× the ordinary tubercles) ( Figs 25A , 26A, D ). Scutal area II posterior-lateral margin embracing the scutal area III ( Figs 24A , 25A , 26A ). Scutal area III with a pair of paramedian outstanding subconical spines ( c . 14× the ordinary tubercles) ( Figs 24A–C , 25A , 26A, C–D ). Scutal area IV central portion with a transversal row of five–six prominent tubercles ( c . 2× the ordinary tubercles) ( Figs 24C , 25A , 26A, D ). DS posterior margin and free tergites I– III each with a transversal row of tubercles, growing in size towards the central portion ( Figs 24C , 26A ). Anal operculum tuberculate. Figure 24. Habitus in vivo of Iamarinus pontesi , from Brazil, Paraná, Antonina . ♂ (A–C) and ♀ (D–F). Photographs of Miguel Medrano (A–C) and Adriano Kury (D–E). Venter: Cx I– III sub-parallel to each other, each with ventral longitudinal rows of 8–13 setiferous tubercles (Cx I rows with higher and sharper tubercles than the others). Cx II with a retroventral distal row of six acuminated tubercles. Cx III with a retroventral distal row of 10 acuminated tubercles. Cx IV much larger than the others, directed obliquely ( Fig. 25C ). Intercoxal bridges are well marked ( Fig. 25C ). Stigmatic area Y-inverted-shaped, clearly sunken concerning Cx IV’s distal part ( Fig. 25C ). Cx IV covered by ordinary tubercles ( Fig. 25C ). Stigmata are visible ( Fig. 25C ). Free sternites with a transverse row of ordinary tubercles. Figure 25. Iamarinus pontesi , ♂ holotype (MNRJ 2789). A, habitus, dorsal view. B, same, lateral view. C, same, ventral view. ♀ paratype (MNRJ 60562). D, habitus, dorsal view. E, same, lateral view. F, same, ventral view. Scale bars = 5 mm. Chelicera: Basichelicerite elongate, bulla well marked ( Fig. 26A ), with marginal setiferous tubercles—two or three lateral ectal, one or two posteriors, two lateral mesal ( Fig. 26A ); hand not swollen. Pedipalps: Tr with two geminated ventral setiferous tubercles ( Fig. 25C ). Fe with a ventral basal and a mesal distal setiferous tubercle ( Fig. 25C ). Pa unarmed ( Fig. 25C ). Ti with two rows of four (IiIi) spines on ventro-mesal and ventro-ectal faces. Ta with two rows of spines—three (IIi) ventro-mesal and four (IiIi) ventro-ectal. Legs: All the unmentioned podomeres are unarmed or without relevant armature. Cx I–II dorsal proximal face with anterior and posterior basal apophyses (linked with ozopores); simple ones on Cx I, prominent ones on Cx II (posterior apophysis bifurcated, with the anterior bud larger and swollen). Tr I– III each with several ventral tubercles. Fe I–II straight ( Fig. 25A ). Fe III sub-straight ( Fig.25A ). Fe and Ti I–II with prodorsal, proventral, retroventral, and retrodorsal rows of small tubercles. Fe III and Ti III with prodorsal, proventral, retroventral, and retrodorsal rows of tubercles (Fe III proventral and retroventral tubercles larger and sharper than others). Fe III with an apical retrodorsal spur ( Fig. 25A ). Cx IV reaches scutal area IV ( Figs 25A , 26A ). Cx IV tuberculate between prodorsal and ventral faces ( Figs 25A–C , 26A ). Cx IV with a prodorsal subconical apophysis, slightly bent to posterior, bearing a small accessory blunt branch on its central posterior third ( Figs 25A–C , 26A, D–E ). Cx IV with a short retrolateral apophysis, fused with a small secondary branch ( Figs 24C , 25A, C , 26A, F, H ). Tr IV rectangle-shaped (in dorsal view) ( Figs 24A–C , 25A–C , 26A, F–H ). Tr IV proximal portion with a conical apophysis on prolateral and retrolateral faces ( Figs 24A–C , 26A, F–H ). Tr IV distal portion with a screwdriver tip-shaped transversal apophysis, dorsally covered with four tubercles, on prodorsal face ( Figs 25A , 26A, F–G, I ). Tr IV with two proximal and one distal subconical prominent tubercles on prolateral face ( Fig. 26F ). Tr IV tuberculate on ventral face ( Figs 24C , 26G–I ). Tr IV distal portion with a subconical apophysis on retrolateral face ( Figs 26F, G–I ). Fe IV sinuous, arched (1) on the proximal portion towards the prodorsal face and (2) on the distal portion towards the retroventral face ( Figs 24A–C , 26F–I ). Fe IV dorsal face with four spines on the proximal half and two spines on the distal third ( Figs 26F–G, I ). Fe IV prodorsal face with a row of ordinary tubercles intercalated by two subconical spines on the central third ( Fig. 26F–G ). Fe IV prolateral face with a row of tubercles divided in (1) ordinary tubercles on the proximal third, (2) prominent tubercles on the central third ( c . 2.5×–3× the ordinary ones), and (3) outstanding tubercles on the distal third ( c . 3.5×–4× the ordinary ones) ( Fig. 26F–H ). Fe IV proventral face with (1) a row of ordinary tubercles on proximal and central thirds and (2) outstanding subconical tubercles interpolated by ordinary ones and a distalmost spine on the distal third ( Fig. 26G–H ). Fe IV ventral face with a prominent tubercle on the proximal fifth ( Fig. 26H ). Fe IV retroventral face with subconical outstanding tubercles on proximal and distal thirds and prominent tubercles on the central third ( Fig. 26H–I ). Fe IV retrolateral face with six spines (the two distalmost larger than the Fe IV diameter) on proximal third and with a pair of outstanding spines (distalmost largest) on the central third ( Fig. 26F, H–I ). Fe IV retrodorsal face with two outstanding subconical tubercles and three prominent tubercles on the proximal third and three conical spines on the distal third ( Fig. 26F, I ). Pa IV dorsal face tuberculate ( Fig. 26F–G, I ). Pa IV proventral and retroventral faces with rows of four and three spines, respectively ( Fig. 26G–I ). Ti IV with all faces (except ventral face) containing longitudinal rows of acuminated tubercles ( Fig. 26F–I ). Ti IV retrolateral face with three-four prominent subconical tubercles on proximal half ( Fig. 26F, H–I ). Ti IV proventral and retroventral faces with spines on the distal half (the retroventral distalmost spine is bifurcated) ( Fig. 26F–I ). Mt IV with all faces containing longitudinal rows of small subconical tubercles ( Fig. 26J ). Mt IV with proventral and retroventral apical spurs ( Fig. 26J ). Figure 26. Iamarinus pontesi , ♂ holotype (MNRJ 2789). A, habitus, dorsal view. B, ocularium, frontal view. C, armature of scutal area III, posterior view. D, habitus, lateral view. E, detail of the right coxa IV prodorsal apophysis, dorsal view. F, right trochanter–tibia IV, dorsal view. G, same, prolateral view. H, same, ventral view. I, same, retrolateral view. J, right metatarsus and tarsus IV, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (B–C, E), 5 mm (A, D, F–J). Figure 27. Iamarinus pontesi , ♂ paratype (MNRJ 60562), genitalia, distal part. A, dorsal view.B, lateral view. C, ventral view. Scale bars = 100 μm. Figure 28. Iamarinus pontesi , ♀ paratype (MNRJ 60562). A, ocularium, frontal view. B, habitus, dorsal view. C, right trochanter and femur IV, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (A), 3 mm (B–C). Coloration (in vivo) ( Fig. 24 ): DS and Cx–Tr IV background Blackish Green (152). Ocularium spines, scutal areas II– III and Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis Brownish Black (65). Carapace and scutal areas I–IV with tubercles Brownish Orange (54). AS lateral margins with prominent tubercles Deep Brown (56). DS posterior margin and free tergites I– III with tubercles Dark Orange Yellow (72). Ch and Pp glossier background Moderate Yellow Green (120), with honeycombed Dark Grayish Olive Green (128) reticle. Tr I– III background Strong Yellowish Brown (74), with a dorsal distal semicircle Light Yellow (86). Fe–Pa I– III and Ti I– III proximal half background Dark Grayish Brown (62). Ti I–IV distal half background Dark Greenish Yellow (103). Fe–Pa IV and Ti IV proximal half background Reddish Black (24). Tr IV with apophyses and prominent tubercles Moderate Red (15). Fe IV with spines and prominent tubercles Deep Orange (51). Pa–Ti IV with spines and tubercles Deep Orange Yellow (69). Male genitalia: VP slightly divided into a distal half forming a trapezium (widest at the apex) with latero-apical flaps and a proximal half elliptical (1.5× wider than distal part) ( Fig. 27A, C ). VP ventral surface entirely covered with microsetae of type 1. All macrosetae cylindrical, inserted on lateral of VP. MS A1–A3 thick and acuminated, on the basal half of the VP ( Fig. 27A–C ). MS B1 short, inserted ventrally, close to A3 ( Fig. 27C ). MS C1–C3 thick and acuminated, forming a longitudinal row on the distal half of VP ( Fig. 27A–C ). MS D1 short, closer to C3 than A1 ( Fig. 27A–C ). MS E1–E2 very reduced, located on the laterodistal flange of VP—E1 between C1–C2, E2 between C2–C3 ( Fig. 27B–C ). Glans sac arising from the middle bulge on the podium, not extended as a dorsal process ( Fig. 27A–B ). Stylus and its ventral process axis fused basally, forming a pedestal above the glans ( Fig. 27B ). Stylus cylindrical, bent at the distal part (forming a plateau) and armed with a set of ventral subapical spines ( Fig. 27A–B ). Stylus without any expansion or flattening, in situ reaching the distal margin of VP ( Fig. 27A–C ). Ventral process sinuous, as long and thinner than the stylus ( Fig. 27A–B ). Flabellum slightly bent ventrad, hand-shaped, with a comb of straight and acuminated spines on lateral faces ( Fig. 27B ). Female ( MNRJ 60562) ( Figs 24D–E , 25D–F , 28A–C ): DS, measurements: CW 3.0, CL 2.3, AW 5.3, AL 3.4; Leg I–IV measurements in Table 15 ; Right/left tarsal (distitarsal) counts: 6(3)/6(3) - 10(3)/10(3) - 7/7 - 7/7. Ocularium longitudinally reduced than males ( Figs 25D–E , 28A ). Scutal area III with a paramedian pair of conical spines (larger than males) ( Figs 25D–E , 28B ). Scutal area IV covered with ordinary tubercles ( Figs 25D–E , 28B ). Cx IV is narrower than males, with the prodorsal distal apophysis reduced to a single spine and a reduced retroventral distal apophysis ( Figs 25D–F , 28B ). Tr IV unarmed on prodorsal and prolateral faces ( Fig. 28B–C ). Tr IV retrolateral face with a conical apophysis on proximal and distal thirds (distal largest), and a prominent subconical tubercle on central third ( Fig. 28C ). Fe IV straight and thinner than males ( Fig. 28C ). Fe IV dorsal face with two spines on proximal and distal halves ( Fig. 28C ). Fe IV retrolateral face with (1) a prominent tubercle on proximal third; (2) an outstanding spine (largest than Fe IV diameter) on central third; and (3) two prominent tubercles (distalmost largest) on distal third ( Fig. 28C ). Intraspecific variation: Some variations among the major morph males were detected: (1) Cx IV prodorsal distal apophysis length, with the main branch larger or reduced in comparison to holotype ; (2) Fe IV dorsal row of spines with reduced spines; and (3) Fe IV slightly thinner and more extensive than the holotype . Among the minor morph males ( Fig. 11A ) (compared to major morph ): (1) DS narrower than males; (2) Cx IV distal apophysis reduced on prolateral and retrolateral faces; and (3) Fe and Ti IV thinner, with reduced spines. No relevant intraspecific variation among females was detected in the material studied.