Description of Upeneus madras (Mullidae), a new goatfish species from SE India (NE Indian Ocean), with establishment of the pori-species group and a review of barbel colour in Upeneus species Author Uiblein, Franz Author Maclaine, James text Cybium 2021 45 4 283 296 journal article 10.26028/cybium/2021-454-004 2101-0315 12712716 742524B8-5D80-4F1F-A4CD-93339C29B440 Upeneus madras n. sp. Madras Goatfish ( Figs 1-4 , Tables I-III) Upeneus guttatus ( Day, 1868 ) : Fresh-colour photograph of BPBM 20658: Randall and Kulbicki, 2006 : fig. 3; Uiblein and Heemstra, 2011a : fig. 3D. Upeneus guttatus , in part: Data of BPBM 40986 and/ or reference to barbel colour in fresh-colour photograph of BPBM 20658: Uiblein and Heemstra, 2010 , 2011a ; Uiblein and Lisher, 2013 ; Uiblein and Gledhill, 2014 ; Uiblein and White, 2015 ; Uiblein et al. , 2016 , 2017 , 2019 , 2020 ; Uiblein and Motomura, 2021 ; Psomadakis et al. , 2019 . Material examined Holotype ( Fig. 1A ). BPBM 40986, 111 mm SL, off Chennai (Madras), SE India , NE Indian Ocean, F / V “Meena Gaveshini”, depth 73 m (40 fathoms), otter trawl, 12 Feb. 1975 , collectors J.E. Randall and K. R . Rao. Paratype ( Fig. 2A ). BPBM 20658, 110 mm SL, Chennai, SE India , NE Indian Ocean , landed at beach by fisherman, 23 Feb. 1957 , collector J. E. Randall. Diagnosis Dorsal fins VII + 9; pectoral fins 14; gill rakers 6-7 + 17 = 23-24; body oval and moderately elongate; measurements as %SL: body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 23-24; body depth at anal-fin origin 22; caudal-peduncle depth 11; caudal-peduncle width 3.8-3.9; maximum head depth 20; Table II. – Morphometric and meristic characters for Upeneus madras n. sp. and four other species of the pori group. * right-side counts of meristic characters added; ** measurement taken from photograph of fresh specimen. Upeneus madras n. sp. U. dimipavlov U. floros U. itoui U. willwhite HT * PT * Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n Min Mean Max n HT PT Morphometric characters SL 111 110 111 122.9 134 11 90 105.0 144 17 87 114.5 139 20 90 92 in %SL Body depth at first dorsal-fin origin 24 23 23 23.6 25 11 22 23.6 25 17 21 22.1 24 20 24 23 Body depth at anal-fin origin 22 22 20 20.7 22 11 19 20.5 22 17 19 21.0 22 20 21 20 Half body depth at first dorsal fin origin 21 20 19 19.7 21 10 18 19.3 21 17 17 18.4 20 14 20 20 Half body depth at anal fin origin 17 16 16 16.5 17 10 15 16.1 18 15 15 16.1 18 15 16 16 Caudal-peduncle depth 11 11 9.7 10.0 10 11 8.8 9.4 9.8 17 9.0 9.7 10 20 9.6 9.9 Caudal-peduncle width 3.9 3.8 4.8 5.1 5.4 11 3.7 4.2 4.8 17 3.9 4.3 4.6 20 4.3 4.2 Maximum head depth 20 20 19 19.4 20 11 19 19.8 21 17 17 18.4 19 20 20 21 Head depth through eye 16 16 16 16.1 17 11 15 15.9 17 17 13 14.3 15 20 16 16 Suborbital depth 9.8 9.6 9.8 10.1 11 11 8.7 9.7 10 17 8.3 9.1 9.8 20 9.8 9.6 Interorbital length 7.9 7.8 7.4 7.8 8.1 11 7.0 7.5 8.2 17 6.7 7.8 8.4 20 7.5 8.0 Head length 30 30 28 29.0 30 11 29 30.2 32 17 27 28.1 29 20 29 29 Snout length 12 12 11 11.9 13 11 11 11.6 13 17 10 11.2 12 20 10 11 Postorbital length 12 12 11 11.7 12 11 11 12.2 13 17 11 11.6 12 20 12 12 Orbit length 6.5 6.4 5.7 6.5 6.8 11 5.9 7.0 7.7 17 5.4 6.0 6.4 20 7.1 7.5 Orbit depth 5.8 5.7 4.9 5.5 5.8 11 5.4 6.1 6.8 17 4.7 5.2 5.8 20 6.2 6.6 Upper-jaw length 12 12 11 11.0 12 11 11 11.6 13 17 9.8 10.7 11 20 12 12 Lower-jaw length 12 11 9.7 10.3 11 11 10 11.0 12 17 9.4 10.1 11 20 11 11 Snout width 8.7 8.3 8.5 8.9 10 11 7.9 8.8 9.6 17 7.6 8.4 9.3 20 9.4 10 Barbel length 19 19 19 19.2 21 11 18 18.5 20 17 17 17.5 18 20 20 20 Maximum barbel width 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 11 0.7 0.9 1.1 17 0.7 0.8 0.9 20 0.8 0.8 First pre-dorsal length 38 37 36 36.6 37 11 36 37.6 39 17 34 35.6 37 20 37 37 Second pre-dorsal length 66 65 62 64.3 66 11 64 65.3 67 17 61 63.4 65 20 64 65 Interdorsal distance 16 16 14 15.1 17 11 15 16.2 17 17 14 15.3 17 20 15 16 Caudal-peduncle length 24 23 23 23.6 24 11 22 23.1 25 17 23 24.1 25 20 23 24 Pre-anal length 64 65 63 64.3 66 11 64 65.4 68 17 63 63.9 65 20 66 63 Pre-pelvic length 32 33 31 31.0 32 11 30 31.8 34 17 31 31.3 33 20 33 31 Pre-pectoral length 32 31 29 29.5 30 11 29 30.9 32 17 28 29.4 31 20 30 30 Second dorsal-fin depth 22 22 20 21.2 22 11 20 21.2 23 17 20 21.4 23 20 21 21 Pelvic-fin depth 24 24 23 23.5 25 11 22 23.5 25 17 21 22.2 24 20 24 23 Pectoral-fin depth 17 17 15 16.2 17 11 16 16.4 17 17 14 15.3 17 20 17 17 Length of first dorsal-fin base 15 15 14 15.0 16 11 14 14.9 17 17 14 14.5 15 20 15 16 Length of second dorsal-fin base 15 16 13 14.5 16 11 13 13.9 15 17 13 14.2 15 20 14 14 Caudal-fin length 28 29 ** 27 28.0 29 11 26 27.6 29 12 27 28.9 30 20 28 30 head depth through eye 16; head length 30; snout length willwhite PT 12 17 21 20 4.5 20 17 14 3 3 13 4 6 17 23 29 12 length pelvic-fin; orbit 19; length length caudal-fin 19 6.4 -20 -6.5 length; pectoral-fin; upper-jaw 28-29; length anal-fin length 19- 12 height 20;; barbel pecto16 -; U. HT 11 16 20 19 4.3 20 17 14 3 3 12 3 6 15 21 30 ral-fin width 5.0-5.1; first dorsal-fin height 20; dorsal fin spines proportionally decreasing in height; second dorsal- n 20 20 20 20 20 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 10 fin height 17; total oblique bars on caudal fin 13, upper caudal-fin lobe with 6 reddish-brown bars, the two most Max 12 17 21 21 4.5 21 17 14 4 6 14 6 7 18 25 30 proximal bars slightly curved, the distal-most bar on lobe itoui tip; lower caudal-fin lobe with 7 short reddish-brown bars. U Mean 11.6 16.3 19.5 19.9 4.2 19.3 16.3 13.8 2.5 4.1 13.1 3.9 6.6 17.0 23.5 29.1 along reddish-brown ventral margin to red stripe which that connect covers dorsally most of to lobe a broad ends Min 11 15 18 19 3.8 18 15 13 0 3 12 3 6 16 22 28 on red lobe stripes tip;; barbels dorsal white fins in; body fresh colour fish with in freshly four brownishdeceased fish greyish silvery, dorsally slightly darker, with a weak- n 17 15 17 16 17 17 16 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 10 ly indicated reddish-brown mid-lateral body stripe from floros Max 12 18 21 22 5.1 20 18 15 4 6 14 5.0 7.0 18 25 30 ches caudal-lobe below eye stripe; paired; head and dorsally anal fins grey pale-whitish with reddish hyaline pat-;. U Mean 11.6 16.1 20.0 20.1 4.5 18.0 15.9 13.9 2.8 4.1 13.2 4.2 6.9 17.4 24.3 29.2 body dorsal and and head caudal uniformly fins lost pale and brown barbels, colour pale in patterns preserved on snout through eye to caudal-fin , connecting there to lower Min 11 15 19 19 4.0 17 15 13 1 2 12 3.0 6.0 16 23 28 fish. Description n 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 8 Measurements in %SL and counts are given in table II; morphometric data as ratios of SL for holotype , data dimipavlov Max Mean 12 11.5 16.9 18 22 20.9 20 19.1 4.8 4.6 21 19.9 16.8 18 15 14.2 4 2.9 6 3.7 14 13.1 3.9 5 7 6.6 17.0 18 25 23.6 29.1 30 for body dorsal-fin paratype oval origin and, if moderately deviating 4.1 [4.3],; provided body elongate depth; in body at square anal-fin depth brackets at origin first:. U 4.5 [4.6], larger than maximum head depth (5.1[5.0]), Min 11 16 20 18 4.3 19 16 14 0 3 12 3 6 16 22 29 [pelvic-fin 5.2]); caudal-peduncle length (5.1 [5.2 depth]) and 9.4 [pectoral-fin 9.2], clearly length larger than (5.1. orbit length (15 [16]); caudal-peduncle width 26, about sp madras n. PT * 12 16 19 19 5.0 ** 20 17 - 14 14 4 3 - - 3 3 - 11 12 6 5 - 7 6 - 17 - 17 24 23 - 29 [half than snout 6.2] of pectoral-fin; length head interorbital length 8.3 [8.6 width 3.3 length],, subequal larger (20 (12.6); than head [to 12.9 maximum length depth] and through of much anal-fin body smaller eye depth base 6.3; Upeneus HT * 12 16 20 20 5.1 20 17 - 14 14 - 4 4 3 3- - 11 12 6 -5 - 7 7 17 - 17 24 - 24 29 29 - (dorsal-fin 8.5 [8.6]) height; barbel 5.0 length, larger 5.2 than; caudal-fin second dorsal-fin length 3.5 height; first (5.9 [6.0]) and smaller than body depth at anal-fin origin; limb limb limb limb dorsal-fin spines proportionally decreasing in height. . base height characters on rakers upper upper on lower on on rakers lower limb upper lower limb line eye Fresh vertically Head level colour slightly and oriented (Fig body darker. 1 short A pale-greyish), with streaks tiny on silvery reddish-brown scales, dorsally or along spots above scale or –. Table II Continued anal-fin of Length Anal-fin height length Pelvic-fin Pectoral-fin length width Pectoral-fin First dorsal-fin height dorsal-fin Second Meristic Pectoral-fin rays Rudimentary gill rakers gill Developed gill rakers Developed Rudimentary gill gill rakers Total on on gill Total rakers gill Total rakers lateral along Scales in fin and this body edges colour placed from stripe stripe forming anterior behind, mostly a of few about a scattered eye reddish-brown in of pupil anterior and to caudal-fin immediately width pattern half behind dots; of from base body at behind eye tip a level; reddish-brown belly, of more nose of eye and pectoral reddish; below to veneye - tral part of caudal peduncle whitish; head below eye with reddish spots and patches, ventral margin of head whitish; iris of eye red except for pale-whitish ventral third; barbels white; caudal fin with oblique pale reddish-brown bars on both lobes; upper caudal-fin lobe with six bars, five bars of about pupil width or slightly narrower crossing entire lobe, the sixth bar covering lobe tip; the two most proximal bars on upper-caudal fin lobe curved; lower caudal-fin lobe with seven short bars, along ventral lobe margin, bars nearly as wide as long; the remaining three quarters of lobe almost entirely covered by a pale reddish-brown stripe formed mostly by pigmentation of fin rays with interspaces between rays being partly pale, the latter occurring especially in proximal dorsal area of lobe; lower caudal-fin lobe tip conspicu- ously red; stripe on this lobe connected to mid-lateral body stripe at caudal-fin base; dorsal fins pale whitish with four brownish-red stripes of about pupil diameter; first dorsal-fin tip unpigmented; anal and pelvic fins pale whitish, partly hyaline; pectoral fin hyaline.