A new species of Xenasmatella (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from southern China Author Liu, Zhan-Bo 0000-0002-3894-5398 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China & zhanboliu @ bjfu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3894 - 5398 zhanboliu@bjfu.edu.cn Author Yuan, Yuan 0000-0001-6674-9848 School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China & yuanyuan 1018 @ bjfu. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6674 - 9848 yuanyuan1018@bjfu.edu.cn text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-08-04 556 2 185 192 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.556.2.8 journal article 116160 10.11646/phytotaxa.556.2.8 e59c8a25-e1f2-435a-865f-b8b6f540cdf2 1179-3163 6966033 Key to the nine species of Xenasmatella known from China . The new species is in bold. 1. Tissues turning dark red or purplish in KOH .......................................................................................................................... X. vaga 1. Tissues unchanged in KOH. ...............................................................................................................................................................2 2. Rhizomorphs present ................................................................................................................................................... X. rhizomorpha 2. Rhizomorphs absent ...........................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Basidia often bifurcate at base.......................................................................................................................................... X. insperata 3. Basidia not bifurcate at base...............................................................................................................................................................4 4. Basidiomata less than 100 μm thick ..................................................................................................................................................5 4. Basidiomata more than 100 μm thick.................................................................................................................................................6 5. Basidiospores 3.3–4 μm wide; crystals present among hyphae .............................................................................. X. roseobubalina 5. Basidiospores 2.3–3.4 μm wide; crystals absent .................................................................................................................... X. tenuis 6. Generative hyphae slightly thick-walled ..................................................................................................................... X. xinpingensis 6. Generative hyphae thin-walled...........................................................................................................................................................7 7. Generative hyphae unbranched ........................................................................................................................... X. wuliangshanensis 7. Generative hyphae branched ..............................................................................................................................................................8 8. Generative hyphae 1.5–2.5 μm in diameter; basidiospores 4–5 × 3.5–4.5 μm ....................................................... X. ailaoshanensis 8. Generative hyphae 2.5–6 μm in diameter; basidiospores 3.3–4.4 × 2.8–4 μm ............................................................... X. gossypina