Revision of the Peruvian tarantula Homoeomma peruvianum (Chamberlin, 1916): description of a new genus with eleven new species and insights to the evolution of montane tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae) Author Radan Kaderka Roztoky u Prahy, Czech Republic radan.kaderka@seznam.cz Author Tim Lüddecke Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Giessen, Germany; cLOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics TBG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Author Milan Řezáč Crop Research Institute, Prague 6, Czech Republic Author Veronika Řezáčová Crop Research Institute, Prague 6, Czech Republic Author Martin Hüsser Rudolfstetten, Switzerland text Journal of Natural History 2023 2023-11-30 57 41 - 44 1710 1824 journal article 284800 10.1080/00222933.2023.2265621 e6703401-f739-4ef1-97c0-bd68a4a42fbe 1464-5262 10491985 Urupelma pampas sp. n. ( Figures 53–58 ; Tables 19 , 24 ) Types Male holotype ( MUSM-ENT 0514012 , exuvia RKCP 0586 ) from Peru , Apurímac , between Ocros and Chincheros , 2431 m a .s .l ., 17 October 2018 , R . Kaderka col. Etymology The specific name is derived from the type locality near the Pampas River , tributary of the Apurímac . Diagnosis Urupelma pampas sp. n. differs from U. ashaninka sp. n. , U. johannae sp. n. , U. atarraz sp. n. and U. megantonianum sp. n. in the absence of urticating setae of type IV (only type III are present). The males of U. pampas sp. n. differs from all congeners in the presence of short and stout embolus with well-developed PI, developed R keel and weakly developed PS and SA keel ( Figure 57 ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on male tibia I, basally fused, both with long spine. Palpal tibia retrolaterally with a cluster of short spiniform setae, the retrolateral process is absent. Males of U. pampas sp. n. differ from U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. in having R keel developed and weakly developed TP in palpal bulb (weakly developed R keel and the presence of well-developed TP in palpal bulbs of U. veronicae sp. n. and U. dianae sp. n. ). Figure 53. Urupelma pampas sp. n. from Peru, Apurimac province, between Ocros and Chincheros, habitus of male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514012), dorsal view. Scale bar = 10 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Figure 54. Urupelma pampas sp. n. from Peru, Apurimac province, Ahuyaro near Chincheros, habitus of immature male (MUSM-ENT 0513042), dorsal view. Photo by R. Kaderka. Distribution and natural history Known only from the type locality in Peru , Apurímac , between Ocros and Chincheros along Rio Pampas ( Figures 58 , 76 ) . The immature specimens from Ahuyaro near Chincheros were found in burrows under stones . MALE (MUSM ENT 0514012): ( Figures 53 , 55–57 ) Total length: 14.61, carapace length 6.72, width 5.60, chelicerae with seven teeth on promargin. Anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eye sizes and interdistances: ( Figure 55C ) AME 0.29 (circular), ALE 0.34 (oval), PME 0.24 (oval), PLE 0.29 (oval), AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE 0.07, PME-PME 0.47, PME-PLE 0.03, ALE-PLE 0.08, AME-PME 0.04, OQ length 0.60, width 1.14. Ocular tubercle length 0.82, width 1.14, clypeus absent. Fovea transverse, straight, width 0.94, 4.28 from anterior edge of carapace. Labium length 0.94, width 1.17, anterior half with 60 cuspules, maxillae with 112–114 cuspules in basal half. Maxillae ventrally without short spiniform setae. Labiosternal sigilla joined. Sternum length 3.61, width 2.93, three pairs of sternal sigilla located near coxae III (length 0.32, 0.36 from edge of sternum), coxae II (length 0.19, 0.23 from edge of sternum) and coxae I (length 0.14, 0.14 from edge of sternum). Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Incrassate leg segments: incrassate femur III. Maxillary and trochanteral stridulatory bristles absent. Scopulae: All tarsi 100% densely scopulate, metatarsi I 60%, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 30%, metatarsi IV 10% scopulate. Tarsal scopulae I and II divided by a longitudinal line of setae, tarsal scopulae III–IV divided by a longitudinal band of setae. Dorsal face of all tarsi and cymbium with two irregular longitudinal rows of very short claviform trichobothria. Denticulation of paired tarsal claws on right leg (prolateral/retrolateral row): I 2/3, II 1/2, III 2/2, IV 3/2 (indictinct teeth). Plumose setae on retrolateral face of femur IV absent. Figure 55. Urupelma pampas sp. n. , male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514012) from Peru, Apurimac province, between Ocros and Chincheros. A . Carapace, dorsal view. B . Sternum, labium, maxillae, coxae and trochantera, ventral view. C . Ocular tubercle, dorsal view. D . Labium and left maxilla, ventral view. E . Abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Spination: femora I d 0-0-2, II d 0-1-2, III d 0-2-2, IV d 0-0-3 and femora of palps 0; patellae I 0, II 0, III p 0-0-1, IV 0 and patellae of palps 0; tibiae I v 3-1-2-1 (apical), p 0-1-1, II v 3-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, III v 2-2-2 (apical), p 1-1-0, r 1-1-0, IV v 3-2-3 (apical), p 1-0-1, r 1-0-1 and tibiae of palps p 1-2-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-1 (apical), p 1-0-0, II v 1-0-1, p 1-0-1, III p 2-2-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 0-1-1, IV v 2-2-1-3 (apical), p 1-1-1, r 1-0-1, tarsi I–IV and tarsi of palps 0. Figure 56. Urupelma pampas sp. n. , male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514012) from Peru, Apurimac province, between Ocros and Chincheros. A . Left palpal tibia, retrolateral view. B . Left tibia I, prolaterally ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Palpal organ as in Figure 57 , embolus short and stout with four keels, PI, A, SA and R keel, PI keel is bipartite, its distal part represents subtriangular lobe. PS keel is almost undeveloped. Sperm pore is between PI and A keel. Tegulum with weakly developed basal protuberance. Cymbium dorsally and retrolaterally covered with short spiniform setae. Prolateral cymbial lobe larger than retrolateral one. Retrolateral face of palpal tibia with a cluster of short spiniform setae ( Figure 56A ). Two unequal subapical apophyses are present on tibia I ( Figure 56B ): a longer retrolateral tibial apophysis with apical spine, and a shorter prolateral tibial apophysis with single, retrolateral spine reaching the apex. Metatarsus I not sigmoidly curved and without basal or median protuberance on retrolateral face. When flexed, metatarsus I contacts the retrolateral side of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Figure 57. Urupelma pampas sp. n. , male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514012) from Peru, Apurimac province, between Ocros and Chincheros, morphology of left palpal bulb. A . Retrolateral view. B . Prolateral view. C . Almost prolateral view (bulb slightly tilted dorsally and posteriorly). Scale bar = 1 mm. Photo by R. Kaderka. Figure 58. Natural habitat of Urupelma pampas sp. n. from Peru, Apurimac (October), between Ocros and Chincheros, along Rio Pampas. Photo by R. Kaderka. Table 19. Urupelma pampas sp. n. Male holotype (MUSM-ENT 0514012) from Ocros and Chincheros, Apurímac, Peru. Lengths of palpal and leg segments.

Femur	Patella	Tibia	Metatarsus	Tarsus	Total
Palp	3.7	2.1	3.2	–	1.4	10.4
Leg I	6.1	3.2	5.0	4.0	3.2	21.5
Leg II	5.4	2.9	4.1	4.1	3.1	19.6
Leg III	4.8	2.5	3.6	5.1	3.2	19.2
Leg IV	6.3	2.9	5.6	7.0	3.6	25.4

Abdomen ( Figure 53 ): urticating setae of type III are located in a central patch. Size of the patch: length 1.73, width 2.14. PLS: length 3.12, basal segment 1.56, middle segment 0.55, apical segment 1.01, all digitiform. PMS: 0.65. Colouration and covering setae: dorsal view: ( Figure 53 ) carapace, coxae and trochantera covered with reddish-brown pubescence, legs dark brown. Patellae I, II and palpal patella with two equal longitudinal stripes without covering setae, patellae III, IV with two unequal diagonal stripes without covering setae. Abdomen dark brown, covered with long reddish-brown setae, the central patch of urticating setae is reddish-brown. Ventral view: dark brown, except for ventral abdomen which is brown. Spinnerets brown. FEMALE: unknown.