Species of Entoloma (Entolomataceae) with cuboidal basidiospores from Brazil Author Karstedt, Fernanda Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil Author Bergemann, Sarah E. Middle Tennessee State University, Biology Department, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA. Author Gates, Genevieve 9 Winmarleigh Ave, Taroona, Tasmania, 7053, Australia. Author Ratkowsky, David Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, Private Bag 98, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia. Author Cunha, Kelmer Martins 0000-0003-2140-9916 MIND. Funga / MICOLAB, Botany Department, Santa Catarina Federal University, 88040 - 900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. * Correspondence to: fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com fernanda. karstedt @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2140 - 9916 sarah. bergemann @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7875 - 2040 ggggates @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9561 - 7788 d. ratkowsky @ utas. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7514 - 3570 kelmermartinscunha @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0545 - 5966 mcapelariibot @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0009 - 0001 - 0737 - 3681 fernanda.karstedt@gmail.com Author Capelari, Marina Instituto de Botânica, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Micologia, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045 - 902 São Paulo, SP, Brazil text Phytotaxa 2024 2024-06-20 654 1 1 76 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1 journal article 10.11646/phytotaxa.654.1.1 1179-3163 13217065 Entoloma avilanum (Dennis) E. Horak, Sydowia 28: 186. 1976 . [≡ Nolanea avilana Dennis, Kew Bull. 15: 151. 1961 ; ≡ Inopilus avilanus (Dennis) Pegler, Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. 9: 350. 1983 .] Figs. 40a–b . Description:— Pileus 1 cm diam., subcampanulate, strongly papillate, striate, colored flesh-pink, submembranaceous, context yellow. Lamellae adnate-sinuate, pale cinnamon, close. Stipe 20 × 1 mm , cylindrical, apex yellow, base ochraceous, glabrous, stuffed ( Dennis 1961 ). Basidiospores cuboidal with slightly depressed sides and angles scarcely pronounced and rounded, with an obvious hilar appendix, 7.5–10 × 8.7–10 µm [xm = 8.56 (± 0.61) × 9.31 (± 0.64) µm, Q = 1–1.33, Qm = 1.09 (± 0.09), n = 20], thin-walled. Basidia clavate or cylindro-clavate, 43–60 × 12–15 µm (n = 6), hyaline, walls thin or thickened, 4-sterigmate. Margin of lamella difficult to see, the elements strongly agglutinated and partially collapsed. Cheilocystidia not recovered. Pleurocystidia and pseudocystidia not observed. Lamellar trama composed of subparallel hyphae, cylindrical or inflated, 3.7–11.2 µm diam. (n = 10), hyaline, thin-walled, septate, sub-hymenium not observed. Pileitrama not observed. Pileipellis a cutis of entangled, cylindrical prostrate hyphae, 5–13 µm diam. (n = 11), hyaline, thin-walled, septate. Stipitpellis and caulocystidia not observed. Clamp connections present. Refractive hyphae present. Habitat:—Among bryophytes, on bark, at 2,000 m altitude ( Dennis 1961 ). Distribution:—Reported from Guadalupe , Dominica (Pegler 1983) and Venezuela ( Dennis 1961 ). Material examined:— VENEZUELA . El Ávila : Federal District , 17 August 1958 , R . W.G. Dennis 1816 ( Holotype , K) . FIGURE 36. Basidiomas: a–c . Entoloma smurfetti : a . FK1709 ; b . FK1717 ; c . FK1741 ; d–f . E. manausense : d . FK2066 ; e . FK2083 ; f . ACM500 ; g–h . E. paulense : g . FK0821 ; h . FK1151 . Photos: a–e, g–h: F. Karstedt; f: A.C. Magnago. Scale: 1 cm. FIGURE 37. Basidiomas: a . Entoloma caribaeum ( FK1790 ) ; b–c . E. dragorufescens : b . FK2102 ; c . FK2116 ; d–e . E . dragoluteum ( FK2131 ) ; f–g . E. lycopersicum : f . TBGAG151 ; g . TBGAG590 . Photos: a–e: F. Karstedt; f–g: R. Maziero. Scale: 1 cm. Comments:—The holotype of Entoloma avilanum consists of a single basidiome, with the pileus fragmented into four parts and the stipe separated from the pileus. At the base of the stipe, the presence of a bryophyte was observed. This species is characterized by the small basidiome, the flesh-pink cap and cuboidal basidiospores with slightly depressed sides and slightly rounded angles measuring 7.5–10 × 8.7–10 µm, plus cylindrical cheilocystidia (Horak 1975, Pegler 1983). Entoloma avilanum has also been cited for the state of Pernambuco ( Coimbra et al . 2013 ). The material URM2273 consists of a single basidiome, small and brittle, not in good condition. In the morphological analysis, basidiospores measuring 7.5–8.7 × 7.5–8.7 µm were observed without the projections, 8.7–10 × 8.7–10 µm with the projections and 11.5–12.5 × 12–12.5 µm diagonally ( Fig. 40c–d ). Also observed were pigmented refractive hyphae and the presence of pseudocystidia, characteristics that differ from the holotype of E. avilanum , making it impossible to agree with the identification. The review of the two collections cited for Brazil (MC340 - Capelari 1989 , URM2273 - Coimbra et al . 2013 ) excludes the citation of the species for Brazil . Attempts to obtain DNA from the above material were unsuccessful.