Cephalomalthinus simplicicornis (Wittmer, 1993) rev. stat. et comb. n.: a resurrected soldier beetle (Coleoptera, Cantharidae) from Taiwan based on morphological and molecular data Author Hsiao, Yun Author Tsai, Cheng-Lung text Zootaxa 2019 2019-06-19 4619 2 297 310 journal article 26451 10.11646/zootaxa.4619.2.6 7d17090e-0622-406d-bd6d-48649b686239 1175-5326 3249635 6D5513DA-1AD2-4F37-B653-D49B0069FCD0 Cephalomalthinus simplicicornis ( Wittmer, 1993 ) rev. stat. et comb. n. ( Figs. 5–10 , 13–14 , 17–20 , 24–28, 31–32 ) Micropodabrus simplicicornis Wittmer, 1993: 209 . Fissocantharis formosana ( Pic, 1910 ) ; Yang et al . 2012: 47 . Type material examined. TAIWAN : Holotype ♂ of Micropodabrus simplicicornis Wittmer, 1993 ( NHMB ): [p] 12-IV-1981 / T. Shimomura leg. // Kao-i, alt. 600m / Taoyuan Pref. / TAIWAN // [h] M. / simplicicornis / Wittmer / [p] det. W. Wittmer. // HOLOTYPUS // CANTHARIDAE / CANTH00000275. Other material examined. TAIWAN : 1 ♂ ( NMNS ), Junghua [in Fushing, Taoyuan ], 11.iv.1971 , B.-S. Chang leg. // 1282-26814; 1 ♀ ( NMNS ), Shangbaling , Taoyuan , 18.iv.1990 , Sweep & Searching, C.-C. Chiang leg. // NMNS ENT 598-26 ; 1 ♂ ( NMNS ), Hotzuhu , Taoyuan , 30.v.1991 , Sweeping Net, I.-S. Hsu leg. // NMNS ENT 1636-494 ; 1 ♀ ( NMNS ), Taman , Fushing , Taoyuan , 30.iii.1992 , Sweeping Net, I.-S. Hsu leg. // NMNS ENT 1638- 43 ; 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ( YHC ), Chishanyen , Taipei , 10.iv.2014 , S.-F. Yu leg. // In Copulation; 2 ♀ ( YHC ), Chishanyen , Taipei , 10.iv.2014 , S.-F. Yu leg. ; 1 ♀ ( YHC ), Baling , Fushing , Taoyuan , 9.v.2014 , L. Huang leg. ; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Chishanyen , Taipei , 9.iv.2015 , S.-F. Yu leg. ; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Academia Sinica , Nankang , Taipei , 15.iv.2015 , L. Huang leg. ; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Jingshan-banling , New Taipei , 24.iv.2015 , I.-L. Lee leg. ; 2 ♀ ( YHC ), Chishanyen , Taipei , 8.v.2015 , L. Huang leg. ; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Fushan Botanical Garden , Ilan , 4.vi.2015 , T. Hsieh leg. ; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Tai-Jiu-Jia-gonlu 16.5K [= Xinwu Highway , New Taipei ], 19.iv.2016 , T. Hsieh leg. ; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Lalashan , Taoyuan , 27.iv.2016 , L. Huang leg.; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Baehen-gonlu [=Northern Cross-Island Highway], Fushing , Taoyuan , 23.iv.2017 , L. Huang leg.; 1 ♂ ( YHC ), Shapaling , Taoyuan , 30.iv.2017 , L. Huang leg.; 10 ♂ , 7 ♀ ( 2 ♂ , 2 ♀ in NCHU ; 8 ♂ , 5 ♀ in YHC ), Shienchiyen , Taipei , 10.iv.2018 , Y. Hsiao leg. Redescription. Male ( Figs. 5–7 ). Body length: 7.00– 9.50 mm ( holotype : 8.00); width: 1.25–2.00 mm (1.80). Coloration. Eyes black. Head entirely orange or orange, with vertex black. Antennae entirely black, or orange, with last four to six antennomeres slightly darkened or blackish brown. Mandibles orange, with dark apices. Prothorax orange. Elytra black. Scutellum brownish orange or black. Legs entirely black or orange, or orange, with apical part of femura, tibiae and tarsi slightly or distinctly blackish. Mesoventrites, metaventrites and abdomen black. Body covered with pale pubescence; anterior margin of clypeus, antennae, elytra and legs fringed with bristles. Head subquadrate, with vertex moderately ( Fig. 13 ) or distinctly narrowed basally ( Fig. 14 ), nearly as long as wide, vertex flat on surface; surface densely, finely punctate and semilustrous; anterior margin of clypeus arcuate; eyes small, globular and slightly prominent, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1: 3.2–4.4 ( holotype : 3.4); terminal labial palpomeres rounded ax-shaped; terminal maxillary palpomeres subtriangular, widest medially, apical parts of inner margins acurate, acute at apices; antennae filiform, simple, exceeding elytral midlength; scape, pedicel thick, gradually widened apically, pedicel shortest, antennomeres III–XI subcylindrical, ratio of antennomere lengths: 22.0–32.0 (24.0):10.0:21.0–28.0 (25.0):22.0–30.0 (24.0):25.0–34.0 (27.0):25.0–35.0 (30.0):25.0–36.0 (32.0):25.0–35.0 (33.0):25.0–34.0 (32.0):24.5–32.0 (31.0):28.0–42.0 (36.0). Pronotum subquadrate, PW/HW: 0.84–0.91 (0.87), PW/PL: 0.86–0.98 (0.90); anterior and posterior margins moderately arcuate; lateral margins slightly narrowed medially, slightly diverging posteriorly, slightly constricted before posterior angles; anterior angles rounded; posterior angles obtuse; dorsum convex in postero-lateral and hollowed in antero-lateral areas; surface densely, finely punctate and semilustrous. Scutellum triangular, with obtuse apex. Elytra elongate, slender, subparallel-sided, EW/PW: 1.37–1.65 (1.50), EL/EW: 2.76–3.27 (3.20); surface densely and rugosely punctate and semilustrous. Legs slender; femora mostly straight; tibiae mostly straight, with basal part feebly arcuate; claws bifid. Aedeagus elongate ( Figs. 17–20 ); ventral process of each paramere wide, slightly narrowed apically, slightly hooked at apex, curved inwards; conjoint dorsal plate of parameres well-developed medially, forming median lobe, with apical margin subtruncate or slightly rounded and lateral margins fringed with bristles, 0.5 times as long as or slightly shorter than ventral process, distinctly narrower than the width between ventral processes, median lobe somewhat varies in shape ( Fig. 20 ); laterophysis absent; paired angular processes adhered to dorsal side of median lobe apically, protruding from both sides of dorsal plate, distinctly visible from dorsal view ( Figs. 17–18 ). Inner sac enlarged, with basal part as wide as median lobe, slightly shorter than tegmen, elongated posteriorly, swollen apically; ventral surface with rounded, swollen process basally and clustered acuminate setae in apically; dorsal surface with rounded, swollen process basally and horn-like process apically, elongated dorso-anteriorly ( Figs. 24–26 ). Female ( Figs. 8–9 ). Body length: 7.00– 8.50 mm ; width: 1.25–2.00 mm. Very similar to male. Similar to male in coloration. Body wider than male. Eyes smaller than males, ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1:4.50–4.90. Antennae somewhat shorter than in male, barely extending to elytral midlength, ratio of antennomere lengths: 20.0–22.0:10.0:16.0–20.0:20.0–24.0:20.0–26.0:22.0–25.0:21.0– 26.0:22.0–24.0:21.0–24.0:19.0–24.0:23.0–30.0. PW/HW: 0.93–0.94, PW/PL: 0.91–1.00. EW/PW: 1.50–1.73, EL/ EW: 2.54–2.85. Claws bifid. Abdominal ventrite VII with margins densely pubescent and apical margin nearly straight, or slightly protuberant medially, protuberance triangularly emarginate medially, forming paired median lobes, median lobes rounded apically ( Figs. 27–28 ). Female genitalia with vagina stout, abruptly thinned and extended into a slightly long and thick duct ventroapically; diverticulum and spermathecal duct arising from apex of long duct of vagina; diverticulum thin, spiral, distinctly longer than spermathecal duct; spermatheca provided with thin, spiral tube, with length slightly longer than diverticulum; accessory gland thin, slightly shorter than spermatheca; median oviduct situated in middle of vagina ( Figs. 31–32 ). FIGURES 2–10. Habitus, dorsal view: 2–4. Cephalomalthinus formosanus (Pic) ; 5–10. C. simplicicornis (Wittmer) rev. stat. et comb. n. Males: 2–3, 5–7, 10; females: 4, 8–9. Non-type specimens: 2–9; holotype: 10. Scale bar: 5.0 mm. FIGURES 11–14. Head of males, dorsal view: 11–12. Cephalomalthinus formosanus (Pic) ; 13–14. C. simplicicornis (Wittmer) rev. stat. et comb. n. Diagnosis. This species closely resembles C. formosanus ( Pic, 1910 ) in color pattern and filiform, simple male antennae and conjoint dorsal plate 0.5 times longer than ventral process. It can be separated from C. formosanus by the smaller, less prominent eyes ( Figs. 13–14 ; see C. formosanus in Figs. 11–12 ), narrower conjoint dorsal plate and distinctly developed dorsal processes of median lobe, which is clearly visible from dorsal view ( Figs. 17–20 ; see C . formosanus in Figs. 15–16 ). Biological notes. According to the label data, this species is known in northwestern Taiwan . Individuals were observed resting on vegetation during the day. Distribution. Taiwan (presumed endemic).