<document id="AA92F579780FF1A41743DB5C8B63C7B1" ID-CLB-Dataset="32375" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174" ID-GBIF-Dataset="72f37a70-a388-4489-b497-8dbab6f60125" ID-PMC="PMC5672664" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-691-1" ID-PubMed="29200921" ID-ZooBank="3F1D9389849D4DBABAF6C262BE3DBA22" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-691-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 691" ModsDocTitle="New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae)" checkinTime="1503007175479" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Narayanan, S. Prasanth, Sathrumithra, S., Christopher, G. &amp; Julka, J. M." docDate="2017" docId="DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 691: 1-18" docOrigin="ZooKeys 691" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174" docTitle="Drawida somavarpatana Rao 1921" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="0B58363AFF87FFB0FFD3FFF02C66FFE7" masterDocTitle="New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1732676695890" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="9E3082F5F719440D8A07B9786063C727" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="F8273189E50A1CC6E9CC8F717F1E63D3">
<mods:title id="EE9B1714540FC55132D41ABB7C2D222A">New species and new records of earthworms of the genus Drawida from Kerala part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India (Oligochaeta, Moniligastridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E0195C7AEC25896B5C4789191A8ECE61" type="personal">
<mods:role id="6AE06662C6E48DB00508608328DE142F">
<mods:roleTerm id="AE73B6A3760308AE8513863B7B253467">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7A2B8B8356FCF3CE57A34B7EBE0E8409">Narayanan, S. Prasanth</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="08CBF64C9544B7E643DD1E46D3B372B5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2E441EE023EC4F7802B1FD07857AF09B">
<mods:roleTerm id="8A2CAE3D86B8D6CA6234146D998F2E50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="66A2E62579E6887A0FABFE69C607DB22">Sathrumithra, S.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6890C05C6747B33642F5F22E8EB638D5" type="personal">
<mods:role id="1B918C311E5B4B9F7F2AD4DED63995E3">
<mods:roleTerm id="B0EFE540748F5BA47D84830ECDD801AF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FE6E8A9B49D6B6CB20EEDB58FB1F5838">Christopher, G.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E6E891D9ED34093101DD0AA83D661542" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DBF0ADAE04008D42BB375B0818B0B90A">
<mods:roleTerm id="14F1C40DE5E37260A27B4DF80E81EAEE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6D8DDBF3D6E34513FE751BB378A1F0A7">Julka, J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9A2A7F64A80977692112C8E82CEE82FB">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="86F10A370E5A7E9E024BE4BD2CAC8301" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="42B602B16F44D93E1B18A92AC4F69568">
<mods:title id="CC83851AF8B7B74B48E7A805D149334E">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="77B7FFC39A80EC2B7326674B443B529E">
<mods:date id="6008F924DDA1485785AA4F7DB5E1620A">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="93CD5E17A5CB771A143017177A7FF706" type="volume">
<mods:number id="3053E252A01D02D2A4296689AF6D3667">691</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A939519381DE30832B8EC830BF65B287" unit="page">
<mods:start id="D9084C3940D4F9B7CC7E18241A923414">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="4688CE3B1E5C89F136D38FFC4221A4E3">18</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="3F7C0B9EB5874B2E61F13AC2D2281E72">
<mods:url id="06DAA1F93BBDBB3E828415C5E81DEFF9">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="599CDA99CABCF9F138F162FE1F3C4A25">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="FAB9BD59D9F73E60F69CBA2E5F9120ED" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.691.13174</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CBF4003B049B27D081633606E782BE11" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-691-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="36827456D8D22CEA4DE0B2DD4B137136" type="ZooBank">3F1D9389849D4DBABAF6C262BE3DBA22</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132785412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DE65B57FBBC984AB7BBC91538BB1EC3D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" scope_family="Moniligastridae" scope_subClass="Oligochaeta">
<subSubSection id="310406D953696FC062F3B51E10EF25D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B4672D07876EDA5868ABBCF8A00DC57B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="2A87949FF96395BA356222D9C80C2E75" authority="Rao, 1921" authorityName="Rao" authorityYear="1921" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida somavarpatana" order="Oligochaeta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="somavarpatana">Drawida somavarpatana Rao, 1921</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D1EB3268E3227F3FF2EBE0CD87B9DB75" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="45717312E7DC1B292AE67C83E5FF19F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="91E024B76770759A6AF23E9863678A0C" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida somavarpatana" order="Oligochaeta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="somavarpatana">Drawida somavarpatana</taxonomicName>
Rao, 1921. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 9), 8: 497.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9ECBB1C7324F2806CF1FCA45A8521600" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="70B0D9CE5E3B10417B418FD6972EB231" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida somavarpatana" order="Oligochaeta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="somavarpatana">Drawida somavarpatana</taxonomicName>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="FA8C433026C99DF5B67FD59F3C4E484C" author="Stephenson, J" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma - Oligochaeta." year="1923">Stephenson 1923</bibRefCitation>
. Fauna Br. India, 
<taxonomicName id="81104EF202FD6BD91ED8F862FB9E14C7" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligochaeta" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subclass" subclass="Oligochaeta">Oligochaeta</taxonomicName>
: 158.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1734D965BFE88C3689A02B2E9506EB51" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6B77774C517F724E2607DAFF6FB0EAD4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6F3F9E0CC553DBD859DC954CD824D23D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
6 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/405), Ranipuram (
<geoCoordinate id="04AF7291FEF9A69693390BD5AB6B29A2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.41825">12°25'5.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="3182630D4CE57710FDCCC68400C33195" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.35122">75°21'4.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kasaragod district, India, 935 m a.s.l., grassland and evergreen forest, 17 December 2013, S.P. Narayanan and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 2 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/408), Paithalmala (
<geoCoordinate id="FB22EAA0B758414B75015FB20016C9EF" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.167139">12°10'1.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="D33C472A1EA1A8103E5FAAA243C6632A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.55864">75°33'31.1&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kannur Dist., India, 1076 m a.s.l., higher altitude evergreen forest, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 1 clitellate, 3 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/410), Koombanmala (
<geoCoordinate id="7428083C787C87EAD2C8C145A45BCB0E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.345333">12°20'43.2&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="F11419251C2A2AA410D55C08507D809C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.4115">75°24'41.4&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 867 m a.s.l., grassland, 20 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, S. Sathrumithra, M. Ramesan and T. Augustine coll.; 1 clitellate, 1 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/411), Kottathalachimala (
<geoCoordinate id="57D595C6877F9EE50367FAF708591A95" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.26475">12°15'53.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="B978C740C1E260D5B173DD35417A8D85" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="75.42916">75°25'45&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 664 m a.s.l., deciduous forest, 28 November 2012, S. Sathrumithra, T. Augustine and S.P. Narayanan coll.; 2 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/412), Kunnathoorpadi (
<geoCoordinate id="AE81E575C244C0DCABF603C6381D5E70" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="12.081944">12°4'55&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="ABE17A5E7D09B5744F28BCAC32F00F0E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.62753">75°37'39.1&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 579 m a.s.l., evergreen forest with reed breaks, 30 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 2 clitellate (ACESSD/EW/413), Sree Deviyottukavu sacred grove - Aalapadamba (
<geoCoordinate id="BD9A84337EE40512EBDB735E7E4D5097" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.209472">12°12'34.1&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="7C20B36439ABF5184E14C38AE3E0CA2A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.25269">75°15'9.7&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kannur district, Kerala, India, 8 m a.s.l., evergreen sacred grove, 29 November 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine and S. Sathrumithra coll.; 9 clitellate, 12 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/414), Kottencheri (
<geoCoordinate id="516661716818EAEC55D20B35A3CD7FC5" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.349333">12°20'57.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="62A51D8A2D86AC139711F924343F26CF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.40164">75°24'5.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 801 m a.s.l., evergreen forest, 20 October 2012, S.P. Narayanan, T. Augustine, S. Sathrumithra and M. Ramesan coll.; 4 aclitellate (ACESSD/EW/449), Panathoor (
<geoCoordinate id="B3D2EC08D69F2A6935F6D4A34C6FF53A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="12.458694">12°27'31.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; 
<geoCoordinate id="59CB95BC5FF7096C743E7B9D0023B832" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="75.34525">75°20'42.9&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
), Kasaragod district, Kerala, India, 98 m a.s.l., 24 October 2014, areca nut and coconut plantation, S. Sathrumithra coll.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="623553680FE8356C79452544D9705C69" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="3704DF39D15F1928E238506DD39752E4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="056AA918A192816820E4AD60928813BD" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Length 82-133 mm, diameter 4-6 mm, 111-154 segments. Ventral setae enlarged on pre-clitellar segments; aa = 5 ab = bc = 5 cd on segment 7, aa = 11 ab = 0.7 bc = 11 cd on segment 35. Male pores paired puckered orifices with tumid lips, slightly lateral to setae b lines, at 10/11. Spermathecal pores paired, small, at 7/8, at setae c lines or in bc but closer to c. Gizzards 3-5, in segments 15-20. Prostates glandular, bilobed; vas deferens discharges at junction of prostatic lobes. Spermathecae paired in segment 8; atrium bilobed, elongate and erect; one lobe in segment 7 and the other in segment 8; spermathecal duct discharges at junction of atrial lobes.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="705D139C82228623ACFB6CED693B59A7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="43D538324F4B3533B022E8C4AE66F4F7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87B8BB86F705527A4F932E299BF11CB8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
India: Kerala: District Kasaragod: Koombanmala, Kottencheri, Panathoor, Ranipuram; District Kannur: Kottathalachimala, Kunnathoorpadi, Paithalmala, Aalapadamba (all new records from Kerala) (Fig. 2); Karnataka: District Kodagu (Coorg): Somavarpatana, spelt as 
<normalizedToken id="84D45DBFBDDF84EAC5B75C27260038CC" originalValue="‘Somvarpet’">'Somvarpet'</normalizedToken>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5D75CDC2F20FAD1EE2F1DAFC3AE1634A" author="Stephenson, J" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma - Oligochaeta." year="1923">Stephenson 1923</bibRefCitation>
), Coorg Hills (
<bibRefCitation id="BD54F39C63F876D6CD558A1060B95B9E" author="Rao, CRN" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="496 - 536" title="On the anatomy of some new species of Drawida." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632613" volume="8" year="1921">Rao 1921</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="687A753D871B4A4AED8C4BDC03503BFE" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A4A28FFA4985CD8ADA87E88068120B70" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="968BC7DC3FDC1D9B6105E817F3C026A8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Spermathecae and male genitalia are absent in a number of worms from Kerala, indicating parthenogenetic mode of reproduction.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5015F6085335700EF7699E679F9D2990" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="E717F0EFCED897B91CCDB6DA59148A64" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="29E8EB58B3015977D83FFDD8D0CC7362" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The diagnosis is based on the present material from Kerala, description as given by 
<bibRefCitation id="C69AE73E7192BE06CD3C64667E35A80F" author="Stephenson, J" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" title="The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma - Oligochaeta." year="1923">Stephenson (1923)</bibRefCitation>
and re-examination of type material in Zoological Survey 
<pageBreakToken id="F9EBD97F79B7CDF19A597B29DC89830B" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
India, Kolkata (Reg. no. W416/1). Worms from Kerala are longer and stouter, and have a greater number of gizzards than worms from Karnataka (
<bibRefCitation id="1AE85B62377E6497771FE1AB263B5981" author="Rao, CRN" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="496 - 536" title="On the anatomy of some new species of Drawida." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222932108632613" volume="8" year="1921">Rao 1921</bibRefCitation>
). Body dimensions and number of gizzards in Kerala worms are: average length 94.61 mm (range = 82-133 mm; n =13); average width 5.38 mm (range 5-6 mm; n = 17); average number of segments 128.23 (range 111-154; n = 13), gizzards 3-5, mainly located between segments 15-20 (Table 4).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3C79DB1B05E1ED33903FD8E16395F5CA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<paragraph id="984906EE6C66073C4621670913E3D126" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Table 4. Length, width, number of segments, and number of gizzards in selected specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="CD5844CDD6C8A6201E23BD9F2DB41B82" class="Clitellata" family="Moniligastridae" genus="Drawida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Drawida somavarpatana" order="Moniligastrida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="somavarpatana">Drawida somavarpatana</taxonomicName>
from various localities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D925CD3BC0D70CE48A870AFE0AB5197C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<table id="47553222BC5FA6FAF4E66265EE282190" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<tr id="21CBBC23AC17110998C27012387CD564" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<th id="A904BD44991B5108959E7FF90D308F5C" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Site name &amp; registration number</th>
<th id="B8949A5C8C5C36DBEC2298A5E3000632" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Length (mm)</th>
<th id="784BC28055380BA8500ADF16BE3C97CB" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Width (mm)</th>
<th id="C89E824A3574519BFCCF33117D889FAB" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Number of segments</th>
<th id="BD221BF1E530CEFA455A400ACCA4FD75" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="1">Number of gizzards (segments)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="EEBC603FB5CBD35CBDF2D55CA0AE840C" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td id="FA89A55278BB63E3F55A02DC82D79E35" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="3">ACESSD</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C26F38380F5E3B94F21EB6B82E84B5DD" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td id="4472A659C8B6CCC5E922D9AE47EF2AEA" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="2">ACESSD</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1DAE7BBAF224B094E25526993035E6A6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td id="0E0D530F400D317F40A33A503BD7D8B6" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="2">ACESSD</td>
</tr>
<tr id="11B154A9F379DE03621798D6D0B5EAAE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td id="E50F812BE1A6505FCD2EA4E230773732" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="2">ACESSD</td>
</tr>
<tr id="08BF6524C2899858A067C6BBF46B91B0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td id="99FF126C6B4CF42238FD3F677FDBABAA" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="3">ACESSD</td>
</tr>
<tr id="94EF7C60D9B7C55245DB652BEDD56497" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<td id="557C93F03595EEEBBBC146643F621158" colspan="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan="6">ACESSD</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>