Three new species of the millipede genus Catharosoma Silvestri, 1897 from southern Brazil, with new records and a clarified identity of Catharosoma intermedium (Carl, 1902) (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) Author Rodrigues, Patrícia E. S. Author Golovatch, Sergei I. Author Ott, Ricardo Author Ro- Drigues, Everton N. L. text Zootaxa 2020 2020-03-16 4751 1 119 130 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.6 c76f145d-543d-48ea-ba43-91b5dc4528e1 1175-5326 3711860 D8104E82-8754-484F-9D03-51FA65F481B1 Catharosoma intermedium ( Carl, 1902 ) Figs 1–9 Strongylosoma intermedium Carl, 1902: 564–566 , plate 10, figs 8–10 ( lectotype , labeled only “ Rio Grande do Sul ”, deposited in NMB (233a). Catharosoma intermedium : Attems, 1914: 211 ; 1937: 201 ; Jeekel, 1968: 115 ; Golovatch, 2005a: 808 ; Nguyen and Sierwald, 2013: 1186 . Mestosoma intermedium : Jeekel, 1963: 31 . Material examined : Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul: Canela ( 50º48’56”W , 29º21’56”S ), four males and one female, 04.I.1975 , J. W. Thomé leg. ( MCN 88); Montenegro ( 51º27’40”W , 29º41’19”S ), one male and one female, 07. VII .1977 , H. Bischoff leg. ( MCN 48 ) ; one male, 12. V .1977 , H. Bischoff leg. ( MCN 56 ) ; one male and one female, 05. V .1977 , T . Arigony leg. ( MCN 93 ) ; Maquiné ( 50º12’26”W , 29º40’30”S ), one male and two females, 10–14.X.2005 , R . Ott leg. ( MCN 669 ) ; Triunfo ( 51º43’05”W , 29º56’36”S ), two males, 19. V .1977 , E. H. Buckup leg. ( MCN 54 ) ; two males, 28.VIII.2001 , M. A. L. Marques leg. ( MCN 468 ) ; two males, 12.III–16.IV.2002 , R . Ott leg. ( MCN 475 ) ; eight males and 14 females , 26.II.2010 , P. E. S. Rodrigues & E. N. L. Rodrigues leg. ( MCN 575 ) . São Leopoldo ( 51º08’50”W , 29º45’37”S ), one male, 06.VIII.1982 ( MCN 182 ) ; one male, 15.X.1982 ( MCN 199 ) and one male, 17. VI .1983 ( MCN 204 ) , C. J. Becker leg.; Porto Alegre two male ( NMB 233 a); ( 51º13’48”W , 30º 01’59”S ); one male and one female, Hensel leg. ( ZNB 657 ) ; one male, 29.IX.1977 , T . de Lema leg. ( MCN 117 ) ; two males and one female, 22. VII .1999 , A. B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 434 ) ; one male and three females, 24.XI.1999 , A. B. Bonaldo leg. ( MCN 443 ) ; Rio Grande ( 52°5′55″W , 32°1′60″S ). one male, 15.X.1985 , M. A. L. Marques leg. ( MCN 226 ) ; three males and one female, 16.X.1985 , E. H. Buckup leg. ( MCN 227 ) ; one male and two females, 15.X.1985 , C. J. Becker leg. ( MCN 228 ) ; one male and one female, 17.X.1985 , E. H. Buckup , M. Rosenau & M. A. L. Marques leg. ( MCN 229 ) ; one female, 15.X.1985 , M. Rosenau leg. ( MCN 230 ) ; two males, 15.X.1985 , M. A. L. Marques leg. ( MCN 232 ) . Diagnosis : Catharosoma intermedium resembles Catharosoma taeniatum ( Brolemann, 1929 ) (see Brolemann, 1929:23-26 , figs 32-37) by the shape of the parabasal lobe (p), the sternal structures on sternites of body rings 5 and 6, and colour pattern with two broad lateral stripes; but differs by coloration of stripes which in C . intermedium are dark brown ( Fig. 1 ) and in C . taeniatum are yellowish, and in C. intermedium the parabasal lobe is bifid ( Figs 5, 6 , 9 ). FIGURE 1 . Catharosoma intermedium , male (MCN-575), alive in captivity. FIGURES 2, 3 . Catharosoma intermedium , male (MCN-575). 2 , Sternal structures between coxae of leg pairs 4 and 5. 3 , Same between coxae of leg pairs 6 and 7. Abbreviations: III = leg pair 3; IV = leg pair 4; V = leg pair 5; VI = leg pair 6; VII = leg pair 7. Scale bars: 0.01 mm. FIGURES 4–7 . Catharosoma intermedium . 4 , Male (MCN-575), gonopod, ventral view. 5–7 , Variations in parabasal lobe of solenophore. 5 , Male (MCN-575). 6 , Male (MCN-227). 7 , Male (MCN-669). Scale bars: 0.1 mm (4), 0.01 mm (5–7). Description : Male holotype (MCN 575). Length 24 mm ( vs. 23–25 mm in the original description, Carl 1902 ), maximum width of midbody body rings 2.6 mm . Coloration (live specimens) of dorsum ( Fig. 1 ) generally yellowish brown, but head, antennae and two broad lateral stripes dark brown and an axial line light brown. Legs yellowish brown, densely setose, relatively long, tibiae swollen ventrally and with brushes starting in leg pair 9 until three last pairs. Male coxae of leg pair 2 with a prominent gonapophysis. Antennae densely setose, relatively long, in situ reaching behind body ring 3 dorsally. Frons and clypeus smooth and setose. Integument smooth and shining. Limbus thin and entire. Paraterga strongly reduced, traceable as faint and arcuate sulci on body rings 2–4, missing thereafter posteriorly. Epiproct pointed, rather long, with a pair of dorsal and ventral spinnerets. Hypoproct subtriangular, its tip not produced ventrally. Sternal structures of male. Sternum between coxae of leg pair 3 (III) with a paramedian pair of bunches of setae. Sternum between coxae of leg pair 4 (IV) with a strong, linguiform, anteriad directed process beset with short setae on both sides of ventral face, but not medially. A subtrapezoidal densely setose process between coxae of leg pair 5 (V) ( Fig. 2 ). Two compact, but large, paramedian, circular groups of short setae on low bosses between coxae of leg pair 6 (VI). Two conspicuous, thin, paramedian tufts of very long, posteriad directed setae between coxae of leg pair 7 (VII) near caudal margin. A median field of short setae scattered between anterior group of similarly short setae and two long subcaudal tufts ( Fig. 3 ). Postgonopodal sterna with paramedian spines. Gonopods ( Figs 4–9 ) complex, subcircular. Gonocoxite (cx) subcylindrical, about as long as densely setose prefemoral (pf). Femorite (fe) demarcated from postfemoral (psf) portion by a distinct cingulum both on mesal and lateral sides. A characteristic, small, slender, sometimes bifid, parabasal lobe (p) on solenophore (sph) (MCN 227; Fig. 6 , and MCN 669; Fig. 7 ). Female. General coloration as in male, length 26 mm and maximum width of midbody 2.7 mm . Legs without tibiae swollen and with few setae. Paramedian cones on postgonopodal sternal smaller than those of the male. Distribution : Southern Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul : Canela, Maquiné, Triunfo, Montenegro , Porto Alegre, São Leopoldo and Rio Grande). Remarks : The type series of C. intermedium was stated to comprise three males ( Carl 1902 ), which is apparently inaccurate, or the others are lost. We were only able to find two syntypes for study and selected the sole available male as the lectotype . FIGURES 8, 9 . Catharosoma intermedium , male (MCN-575), left gonopod. 8 , Medial view. 9 , Ventromedial view. Abbreviations: pf = prefemoral, fe = femorite and psf = postfemoral; p = parabasal lobe; sph = solenophore. Scale bar: 0.5 mm. Catharosoma promatense new species Figs 10–17 Type material : Male holotype from São Francisco de Paula in the Centro de Pesquisas e Conservação da Natureza Pró-Mata, CPCN Pró-Mata (29°26′17″– 29°34′42″S , 50°08′14″– 50°14′18″W ), Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil , 11.X.2001 , R . Ott leg. ( MCN 1008 ). Paratype female, same data as the holotype ( MCN 1468 ) . Diagnosis : Using the latest key ( Golovatch 2005a ), C. promatense n. sp. closely resembles some other species of the genus by the tip of the hypoproct being curved ventrad, much like in C. bilineatum Golovatch, 2005 (see Golovatch, 2005a: 812 , fig. 2) and C. mesoxanthum ( Attems, 1898 ) (see Attems, 1898: 286-287 , fig. 32), but C. promatense n. sp. differs by the shape of parabasal lobe (p) of the solenophore which is very long and unciform, with a very long hyaline lobe next to it (Figs 13, 14). Description : Male holotype (Figs 10, 11). Length 28 mm and maximum width of midbody 2.4 mm . Coloration (in alcohol): generally reddish brown, legs and antennae yellowish brown. Legs densely setose, relatively long, tibiae swollen ventrally. Male coxae of leg pair 2 with a prominent gonapophysis. Antennae densely setose, relatively long, in situ reaching behind body ring 3 dorsally. Frons and clypeus smooth and setose. Integument smooth and shining, pro- and metazona divided by a stricture. Ozopores lateral, faintly visible. Limbus thin and entire. Paraterga strongly reduced, arcuate sulci present until body ring 6, missing posteriorly thereafter. Epiproct pointed, rather long, with a dorsal and ventral pair of spinnerets. Hypoproct subtriangular, tip unciform, directed ventrad (Fig. 11). Sternal structures of male (Fig. 12). Sternum between coxae of leg pair 3 with a paramedian pair of setal bunches. Sternum between coxae of leg pair 4 with a shorter, linguiform, anteriad directed process beset with short setae on all process; a subtrapeziform densely setose process between coxae of leg pair 5. Sternum between coxae of leg pair 6 with two, paramedian, circular tufts of long setae anteriad directed; two, paramedian tufts of long posteriad directed setae between coxae of leg pair 7. Postgonopodal sterna with paramedian spines like in many others species of the genus. Gonopods (Figs 13–17) highly complex, subcircular; gonocoxite subcylindrical with some long setae distoventrally, gonocoxite about as short as densely setose prefemoral portion; femorite longer than prefemoral portion; postfemoral portion with three sulci and a long hyaline process. Solenophore (sph) with a very long, unciform, parabasal lobe (p). Female. General coloration as in male, length 26 mm and maximum width of midbody 2.8 mm . Legs without tibiae swollen and with few setae. Paramedian cones on postgonopodal sterna as in male. Distribution : The species is known only from the type locality. Etymology : The species epithet is an adjective in neuter gender, referring to the type locality, “Pró-Mata”.