Colour polymorphism in a leafhopper species Macropsis notata (Prohaska, 1923) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Macropsinae) with new synonyms Author Li, Hu Author Yu, Dmitri Author Dai, Renhuai Author Li, Zizhong text Zootaxa 2012 3351 39 46 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.214919 0be483e8-a2e7-4eaa-a063-09248807fe5f 1175-5326 214919 Macropsis notata (Prohaska) Pediopsis virescens var. notata Prohaska, 1923 : 83 . Pediopsis virescens var. melanostigma Kupka, 1925 : 106 (synonymy by Wagner, 1951 ). Macropsis vestita Ribaut, 1952 : 421 , 424–425 (synonymy by Tishechkin, 2002 ). Macropsis salicicola Vilbaste, 1968 : 63 –64 (synonymy by Tishechkin, 1998 ). Macropsis punctata Mitjaev, 1971: 87 (synonymy by Anufriev, 1981 ). Macropsis xena Hamilton, 1983 : 36 , 54–57 (synonymy by Tishechkin, 1998 ). Macropsis salicis Li, 1989 : 335 –336, syn. nov. (examined) Macropsis matsudanis Wei & Cai, 1998 : 119 –120, syn. nov. (not examined) Material examined (all from China ; the number of specimens from each locality is given in the Table 1 ): 1. Guizhou prov., Guiyang city, 1070 m , 25. VII. 1986 , Li Zizhong; 2. Henan prov., Nanyang City, Taiping town, 31. VII. 2010 , Li Hu & Fan Zhihua; 3. Henan prov., Nanyang City, Taiping town, 1. VIII. 2010 , Li Hu & Fan Zhihua; 4. Shaanxi prov., Hanzhong city, Qingmuchuan, 20. VII. 2010 , Li Hu & Fan Zhihua; 5. Heilongjiang prov., Maoershan, 17. VII. 2010 , Xie Lixia; 6. Heilongjiang prov., Yichun City, 25.VII.2010 , Xie Lixia; 7. Liaoning prov., Laotudingzi, 19. VII. 2011 , Li Hu & Fan Zhihua; 8. Jilin prov., Hunchun, 29–30. VII. 2011 , Li Hu & Fan Zhihua; 9. Shandong prov., Shanghe, 19. V. 2005 , Yan Jiahe; 10. Shandong prov., Shanghe, 10. V. 2007 , Yan Jiahe; 11. Shandong prov., Pingyin, 13. VII. 2007 , Ding Shimin; 12. Henan prov., Wangwushan, 21. VIII. 2008 , Li Jianda; 13. Guizhou prov., Panxian, 2. VII. 2011 , Fan Zhihua. TABLE 1. Types of coloration and black pattern in M. notata (Prohaska, 1923) : number of specimens, body length and distribution over different localities. Type of coloration and black pattern Number of Body length Locality number (see specimens (including tegmina) material examined) No. 1. Body yellow, face with frontal, thyridial and discoidal 1 3, 3.8 mm 1 spots, both pronotum and scutellum with 2 black spots (Figs. 1–4). No. 2. Body greenish, face with frontal and thyridial spots, 3 3 3, 4.2–4.3 mm 8 both pronotum and scutellum with 2 black spots (Figs. 6–9). 20 Ƥ Ƥ, 4.3–4.8 mm No. 3. Body green, partly yellowish, face with frontal and 16 3 3 , 3.2–3.8 mm 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13 thyridial spots, pronotum without spots, scutellum with 2 3 Ƥ Ƥ, 3.4–3.8 mm black spots (Figs. 10–13). No. 4. Body greenish, face with frontal spot, pronotum and 9 Ƥ Ƥ, 4.2–4.4 mm 5, 6, 8 scutellum without spots, but forewings with oblique bands (Figs. 14–17). No. 5. Body greenish, face with frontal spot, pronotum, 9 3 3, 4.0–4.2 mm 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, scutellum and forewings without any spots (Figs. 18–21). 110 Ƥ Ƥ, 4.2–4.5 mm 11, 12 No. 6. Body yellow brown, face with frontal, thyridial and 1 Ƥ, 4.3 mm 8 discoidal spots, pronotum and scutellum without black pat- tern (Figs. 22–25). No. 7. Body yellow greenish, face with frontal and thyridial 1 3 3, 4.0 mm 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 spots, pronotum and scutellum without black pattern (Figs. 36 Ƥ Ƥ, 4.2–4.6 mm 26–29). No. 8. Body green, black pattern as in No. 1 (Figs. 30–33). 1 3 3, 4.2 mm 7 3 Ƥ Ƥ, 4.4–4.6 mm Description. External appearance typical for genus Macropsis , males somewhat smaller than females. Examination of 213 specimens from localities listed above allowed recognizing 8 colour forms differing from each other in black pattern on face, pronotum, scutellum and forewings and in background colour (see Table 1 and Figs. 1–4, 6–33). Background coloration normally bright green, occasionally more dull, yellowish or yellowish brown. Yellowish tinge usually present in immature or parasitized individuals and also in older green specimens pinned in collections. Generally, black pattern is more strong in males than in females. On head frontal spot always well-developed, ocellar spots always absent, thyridial and discoidal spots occur in some specimens. Colour variations No. 4 and 6 ( Table 1 , Figs. 14–17 and 22–25) were found only in females; in certain populations females with black stripes on forewings can be found along with uniformly green individuals. Colour form with frontal spot only (Figs. 18–21, No. 5 in the Table 1 ) was dominant among females in material examined. FIGURES. 1–9. 1–4, 6–9— types of coloration and black pattern in Macropsis notata , dorsal (1, 6), dorso-lateral (2, 7), lateral (3, 8) and front (4, 9) view, scale bar = 1 mm (1–4— holotype of Macropsis salicis Li, 1989 ); 5—labels of holotype of M. salicis . FIGURES. 10–21. Types of coloration and black pattern in Macropsis notata , dorsal (10, 14, 18), dorso-lateral (11, 15, 19), lateral (12, 16, 20) and front (13, 17, 21) view, scale bar = 1 mm . FIGURES. 22–33. Types of coloration and black pattern in Macropsis notata , dorsal (22, 26, 30), dorso-lateral (23, 27, 31), lateral (24, 28, 32) and front (25, 29, 33) view, scale bar = 1 mm . FIGURES. 34–46. Macropsis notata : 34—pygofer and subgenital plate, lateral view; 35–37—male abdominal apodemes of 2nd sternite; 38–40—aedeagus, lateral view; 41—same, ventral view; 42—style, dorsal view; 43—connective, dorsal view; 44 —same, lateral view; 45–48— 2nd valvulae of ovipositor. Apodemes of 2nd abdominal tergite in males are shorter than their width at base, more or less rounded, sternal apodemes are wide, triangular, sometimes with inner margin irregularly curved (Figs. 35–37). Pygofer broad, subquadrate, caudal margin membranous, with several setae, slightly concave on nearly ventrocaudal margin, pygofer processes reach dorso-caudal margin, with two setae in middle (Fig. 34). Subgenital plates slender, somewhat widened towards tips, marginal setae long (Fig. 34). Aedeagus rather short and broad in lateral aspect, slender in ventral aspect. Apex of aedeagal shaft slightly concave; gonopore oval, subapical (Fig. 38–41). Styli slender, with tips upturned (Fig. 42). Dorsal connective weak. Connective stout, with finger-like protrusion in middle, both side arms relatively slender, bent to dorsum (Figs. 43–44). Female 7th sternite triangular, narrow, 4 times as long as sixth sternite, notched in middle of posterior margin. 2nd valvulae of ovipositor with 2–4 (very rarely 5) additional teeth (Figs. 45–48). Diagnosis. May be distinguished from related species by following combination of characters: aedeagus short and broad in lateral view (Fig. 38–40), male abdominal apodemes of 2nd sternite broad, more or less triangular (Figs. 35–37), tergal apodemes short and rounded, 2nd valvulae of ovipositor usually with 2–4 additional teeth (Figs. 45–48). In external appearance differs from the most part of green Macropsis species by well-developed black spots on fore part of body, including always presenting frontal spot. Macropsis notata is closely related to M. costalis (Matsumura, 1911) (= M . stigmatipennis (Matsumura, 1912)) and some individuals of the former resemble green colour forms of the latter. Males of these two species differ from each other in the shape of the tergal apodemes (simple and rounded in M. notata , bilobate, of intricate shape in M . costalis ). In females of M . costalis the dark pattern on the fore wings consists of several individual spots along the anal and, usually, also the costal margins, whereas in M . notata either an oblique stripe among other spots is present, (Figs. 14–15) or the fore wings lack any black pattern. Remarks. Identification of M . salicis is based on examination of the holotype , male (Figs. 1–5). Synonymy of M . matsudanis under M. notata is based on comparison of the original description of the former species (a specimen exactly answering the description is shown in Figs. 6–9) with numerous specimens of the latter from several localities in Northern and Central China . Interpretation of M . notata follows Wagner (1950) and Tishechkin (1999) . The holotype of M. matsudanis could not be located and was not available for study. Distribution. Transpalaearctic: was found in Western Europe, Russia (European part, Amur Area, Maritime Province), Kazakhstan , China (Guizhou, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia ) and Japan . Also, introduced to North America . Biology. Feeds on willows ( Salix spp.). In Europe, the species dwells on S. triandra L. and occasionally also on S. fragilis L.; in the southern part of the Russian Far East it is abundant on S. pierotii Miq.