Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma) Author Doorenweerd, Camiel Author Austin, Kyhl A. Author Rubinoff, Daniel Author n, sp. Author n, sp. Author n, sp. Author n, sp. Author n, sp. text Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 2023 55 29 44 journal article 59366 10.5281/zenodo.8159765 17e62e62-46ef-47e6-b98e-c56d8dcfe876 0073-134X 8159765 4200D58B-9663-4D31-A7E0-17E7547843D6 Hyposmocoma ( Hyposmocoma ) kukilakila sp. n. https://zoobank.org/087BE059-FA35- 4CEA-B52A-CF2C90243BDA Figs. 3 , 6E . Type material Holotype . Female. USA : HI: Maui 9.v.2017 DR17E1C, Haleakala N [ational] P[ark], summit parking Burrito cases. E.[x] l.[arva] 7.vi.2017 . N 20.7102 E –156.2530 3048 m . Leg. R . Kaholaa. Deposited in UHIM . Paratypes . 6 males , 7 females , 1 specimen abdomen lost total. 1 female , USA : HI: Maui 26.iv.2021 DR21D16B. E1, Kamehamenui FR Hand coll.[ected] Burrito cases. E.[x]l.[arva] 17.v.2021 , N 20.7285 E –156.2786 2135 m . Leg. F. and K. Starr. DNA extract: DNA00228, Genitalia slide: KAA0899 . 2 males , USA : HI: Maui 3.v.2021 DR21E1D, Kamehamenui FR Hand /net collecting. N 20.7524 E –156.2722 2135 m . Leg. Forest and Kim Starr. DNA extracts:DNA01169, DNA01170. Genitalia slides, KAA0957 (male), KAA0958 (female) . 3 females , same data as holotype, emerged 4–7. vi.2017 . 4 males , 3 females , 1 specimen abdomen lost, USA : HI, Maui. Haleakala NP, west slope crater rim 28. VI .2003 , 2800 m , 28°44’N 15° 14W . coll.[ector] P. Krushelnycky. Pitfall trap . DNA extracts: DNA01171, DNA01172. Genitalia slides: KAA0959 (male), KAA0960 (male). 12 deposited in UHIM , 2 in BPBM . Diagnosis. A small species endemic to East Maui. Externally similar to H. eliai Schmitz and Rubinoff , endemic to Kauaʻi, and H. swezeyi (Busck) , endemic to Oʻahu. Hyposmocoma kukilakila canbe distinguished from both by the presence of a white fascia at 0.25x of the forewing. Additionally, H. eliai has a white fascia just past the forewing midpoint, which in H. kukilakila is reduced to a few white scales that do not connect to the costa or dorsum, and H. swezeyi has ochreous colored scales on the head, which are charcoal black in H. kukilakila . COI sequence data separates H. kukilakila from all other described and sequenced species inthis group, minimum pairwisedistance to nearest neighbor 5.49%. Description. Male . Head . Frons and vertex covered with appressed dark gray scales. Anterior basal part of haustellum with white scales. Final palpomere of labial palpus black and short, about 0.3x length of second palpomere. Second palpomere black mottled with white scales. Antenna about 0.8x length of forewing. Scape black, distal edge white, antennomeres black. Thorax . Uniformly charcoal black. Wings . Forewing length 2.7–3.2 mm . Dark-brown to black base color with a white fascia at 0.2x of the wing, an incomplete white fascia at 0.8x of the wing. A small white spot comprised of ~5 scales dorso-centrally, and a similar spot at the apical tip of the wing (the latter is absent in some specimens). Underside of forewings with gray, partly translucent scales. Hindwings silver-gray, gradually becoming dark-gray distally. Fringe gray. Underside of hindwings light gray. Vannal tuft absent. Hindwing costal hairpencil absent. Legs . Femur and tibia of all legs cream colored, remaining segments charcoal with white colored apices of each segment. Abdomen . Scaling uniformly charcoal black. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII oval ( Fig. 3E ). Sclerotized arc on sternite VII that extends laterally as a sternite hook 0.6x width of sternite ( Fig. 3F ). Male genitalia . ( Fig. 3C, D ). Setae of various lengths along ventral edge of distal 0.5x of valva.Valvae asymmetrical. Left valva narrower than right, with a broader part at 0.5x that forms the base for the spurs. Three spurs on the left valva of about equal length, two of which are lanceolate, the most distal spur triangular, 0.5–1x as wide as long(varies among type material). Right valva broader than the left and of about equal width throughout, holding three spurs of about 0.3x the length of the left spurs. The most distal spur widens towards the tip. Right valva with a ventrally thickened sclerotization along 0.6x of the valva. Anellus lobes asymmetrical. Left anellus lobe widens and at about 0.8x abruptly thinner to form a hook shape. Right anellus lobe thin at basal 0.5x and then slightly widens into a flattened club shape. Brachia asymmetrical. Right brachium about twice as wide at the base as long, tapering to a point. Left brachium inconspicuous. Female . Like male. Female genitalia . ( Fig. 3B ). Posterior apophyses about 2.5x the length of the anterior apophyses. Ostium bursae weakly sclerotized, sterigma externally protruding, and curled to the right. Ductus bursa about equal length of oval bursa copulatrix. Signum absent. Figure 4. A. Holotype adult Hyposmocoma desilvai sp. n. , DR21D16E.1, DNA00252, reared from a “cigar” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0902. C. Holotype adult H. makaohuna , DR 21D16A.E3, DNA00255, reared from a “candywrapper” type case from Kamehamenui FR. D. Fe- male genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0901. Abbreviations: pa = papilla anales, IX = segment IX. Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui , DR 21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a “burrito” type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus. Biology. The larval cases are of the “burrito” type , elongated with a single opening, approximately 4.0 mm in length at final instar ( Fig. 6E ). The surface is evenly covered with sand. Distribution. Only known from East Maui on Haleakalā, in Kamehamenui Forest Reserve and Haleakalā National Park, from 2100 m up to the peak at 3050 m . Etymology. The epithet “kukilakila” is based on the Hawaiian kū kilakila , referring to Haleakalā in song and chant, and used for this species to reference the remarkably high elevation and cold dry climate where the larval cases of this species can be found; the peak parking lot on Haleakalā at 3045 m . Remarks. We selected a female holotypebecauseallavailablemalespecimens have worn wings or are not spread, and the wing pattern is diagnostic. The shape of the male genitalia and the presence of a sternite hook on segment VII suggest a close relationship of H. kukilakila to H. swezeyi , endemic to Oʻahu. There is no DNA sequence data available for H. swezeyi , it is only known from its type material collected in the early 20th century in the Kaimukī neighborhood of Honolulu and, considering the heavy urban development of this area, may well be extinct. The larval cases of H. kamehamenui and H. kukilakila from Kamehamenui FR are superficially similar and were initially mixed in rearing lots, but later separated based on two distinct size classes and the presence of a twist at the tip of cases of the larger H. kamehamenui .