Integration or minimalism: twenty-one new species of ghost spiders (Anyphaenidae: Anyphaena) from Mexico Author Rivera-Quiroz, F. Andrés 970DAA18-987A-4819-BE46-A3D399F77409 Understanding Evolution Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands. Laboratorio de Aracnología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México Ciudad Universitaria, México D. F. Del. Coyoacán, C. P. 04510, Mexico. andres.riveraquiroz@naturalis.nl Author Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando 0B5D4EFE-71E9-4C44-AF70-98C2E7BB37E6 fap@ciencias.unam.mx text European Journal of Taxonomy 2023 2023-04-25 865 1 94 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 journal article 53278 10.5852/ejt.2023.865.2097 3a63a183-743e-4185-8fdc-1080072ada0a 2118-9773 7867448 845BAE1A-0E6E-484B-BE6D-17F866777B51 Anyphaena miniducta sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A95B18CA-F021-4829-9F50-4EE5E14AFA9F Figs 31–33 , 52 Differential diagnosis Females of A . miniducta sp. nov. are differentiated from most of those of the pectorosa and pacifica groups by the following features: atrium T-shaped, lateral borders short and parallel, copulatory ducts short, slightly curved ( Figs 32E–F , 33G–H ). Similar atria are present in females of A. simplex (Pickard-Cambridge O. 1894: pl. 18 fig. 3a) and A. porta sp. nov. ( Fig. 39E ), but they differ by the atrium proportions and the length of the lateral sides, respectively. Males can be differentiated by the presence of the following features: median apophysis hook-shaped, transparent lamellae absent, middle section of ventral tegular projection broad, retrolateral border with a narrow cuticular transparent edge, distal section pointed, RTA anterior branch ear-shaped, larger than the lamella-shaped posterior branch in retrolateral view ( Figs 32A–D , 33A–D ). Etymology The species epithet refers to the short copulatory ducts of this species in relation to other members of the pectorosa group. Material examined Holotype MEXICO • ♀ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Xamaticpac , Plot II; 19.12614° N , 97.06708° W ; alt. 1700 m ; 19–27 Apr. 2013 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; LUP ; CNAN-T01531 . Allotype MEXICO • ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; BEAT ; CNAN-T01515 . Paratypes MEXICO • 1 ♂ , 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01561 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CNAN-T01560 . Additional material MEXICO • 1 ♂ ; Veracruz , Calcahualco , Xamaticpac , Plot I; 19.14172° N , 97.20597° W ; alt. 1710 m ; 19–27 Apr. 2013 ; Aracnolab team leg.; oak and tropical wet forest fragment; BEAT ; ANYM047 • 1 ♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; BEAT ; ANYM048 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; ANYM049 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; CRP ; ANYM050 • 1 ♀ ; same collection data as for preceding; LUP ; ANYM051 . Description Female Total length 9.0. Carapace light yellow, with two darker and faint bands over cephalic area, around fovea and clypeus ( Fig. 31A, D ). Sternum surface white, intercoxal triangles present on all legs. Labium brown, white at tip, longer than wide. Endites white, rectangular, broader at tip ( Fig. 31C ). Chelicerae brown without dorsal pattern ( Fig. 31B, D ), promargin with five, retromargin with eight to nine denticles. Abdomen dorsum light yellow, hirsute, delineated by dark yellow longitudinal bands, central anterior half white, lateral sides light yellow, darker band only at top, ventral surface white, tracheal spiracle closer to epigastric furrow ( Fig. 31A, C ). Copulatory duct slightly curved and entering lateral surface of spermathecae. Seminal receptacles above genital openings. Fertilization ducts short, comma-shaped, and entering lateral surface of spermathecae ( Figs 32E–F , 33G–H ). Cephalothorax length 3.76, thoracic width 2.83, cephalic width 1.52. Clypeus height 0.15. Eye diameters: AME 0.11, ALE 0.15, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.05, ALE–PLE 0.11, PME–PME 0.2, PME–PLE 0.1. Femur lengths: I 4.39, II 4.05, III 3.17, IV 4.59. Leg spination: femur I d1-1-1, p0-2-1, r0-1-1. Tibia I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus I v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur II d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1- 2. Tibia II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Metatarsus II v2-2-0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1. Femur III d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Tibia III v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus III v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Femur IV 1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1. Tibia IV v2-2-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1. Metatarsus IV v2-2-2, p1-1-2, r1-1-2. Male Total length 8.0. Cephalothorax and abdomen pattern as in female, except darker and yellow chelicerae ( Fig. 31E ). Coxa II ventral surface smooth. Coxa III tubercle bifurcated, with posterior bent spine and anterior tubercle. Coxa IV spur bent and with broad base ( Figs 31F , 33E–F ). Embolus filiform and translucent. Pedipalp tibia longer than wide. RTA posterior branch short and shaped as bent lamella. Prolateral apophysis of palpal tibia present. Ventral branch of median tibial apophysis present ( Figs 32A–D , 33A–D ). Cephalothorax length 3.41, thoracic width 2.59, cephalic width 1.19. Clypeus height 0.12. Eye diameters: AME 0.09, ALE 0.12, PME 0.12, PLE 0.15. Eye interdistances: AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.04, ALE–PLE 0.11, PME–PME 0.15, PME–PLE 0.12. Femur lengths: I 4.63, II 4.1, III 3.17, IV 4.63. Leg spination as in female except: femur I r0-2-1. Femur II p0-1-2. Variation Females (N =6): total length 8.9 (± 0.39), cephalothorax length 3.8 (± 0.11), thoracic width 2.89 (± 0.06), cephalic width 1.52 (± 0.06), femur I 4.41 (± 0.04). Males (N=4): total length 8.03 (± 0.37), cephalothorax length 3.44 (± 0.21), thoracic width 2.63 (± 0.12), cephalic width 1.21 (± 0.07), femur I 4.61 (±0.13). Fig. 31. Anyphaena miniducta sp. nov. A–D . Paratype, ♀ (CNAN-T01560). E–F . Allotype, ♂ (CNAN-T01515). A . Dorsal habitus. B . Lateral habitus. C . Ventral habitus. D . Prosoma, anterior view. E . Prosoma, anterior view. F . Prosoma, oblique view. Scale bars: A–C =1.0 mm; D–F =0.5 mm. Distribution This species is found in oak and tropical wet forest fragments around Pico de Orizaba Volcano National Park ( Fig. 52 ). Natural history Most specimens were collected over vegetation by direct searching or with a beating tray. This species is present year-round.