Description of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. from northern Spain, with remarks and a key of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Armadillidiidae) Author Cifuentes, Julio Author Robla, Jairo Department of Conservation Biology and Global Change, Doñana Biological Station - CSIC, Sevilla, Spain Author Garcia, Lluc 0000-0002-6043-288X llucgarciaisopoda@gmail.com text Zootaxa 2024 2024-08-22 5497 1 83 99 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5497.1.4 journal article 302266 10.11646/zootaxa.5497.1.4 75139c5b-5d59-48fa-9a6f-06e501f6a8ff 1175-5326 13617904 7F924C76-CE6D-4F31-9020-400800FAE279 Armadillidium boalense sp. nov. Figs 2–6 Diagnosis . An Armadillidium species with conglobation ability of eusphaeric type . Head of duplocarinate type , with scutellar and post-scutellar ridges. Dorsum smooth. Cuticular structures characterized by circular cavities and sharp scale-setae. Pleotelson triangular with rounded tip. Male pereopod 7 strongly differentiated on ischium, merus and carpus. First male pleopod with endopod straight, three times as long as the exopod, not narrowed, slightly bent apically; pleopod 1–2 exopod notched on outer margin of tracheal field, both in males and females. Etymology The name of the species comes from Boal (municipality of Asturias , Spain ) ( Fig. 1A ) which is the area where the specimens were collected. FIGURE 1. A . Distribution of Armadillidium species in Asturias (red, within Spain seen in darker blue). B . Habitat of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . in Os Chaos (Boal, Asturias ). C . A more detailed photograph of the rocky wall where A. boalense sp. nov . specimens were found. D. Distribution of Armadillidium species in the group ‘ pictum ’ in northern Iberian Peninsula with the provinces with available data of northern Spain in gray. In both maps: New records ( ★ ) and bibliographic records (●). A. album (blue), A. assimile (orange), A. boalense sp. nov . (red), A. galiciense (green), A. nasatum (pink), A. pictum (purple), cf. A. pictum (purple?) and A. vulgare (black). Material examined Holotype : Spain • ♂ ; Asturias , Boal , As Cabanas (Os Chaos); 43º25′40.02′′ N , 6º48′18.63′′ W ; 470 m a.s.l. ; 20 Mar. 2023 ; G. Sánchez Jardón leg.; hand collected under stones of a granitic wall embedded; MNCN 20.04 /20717. Paratypes : Spain • 5♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNCN 20718-22 • 4♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; MNCN 20723-26 • 2♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; MBCN 26863 and MBCN 26864 • 1♂ dissected and mounted into preparations; same collection data as for holotype; CLLG 1187 • 2♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; MBCN 26865 and MBCN 26866 • 1♀ partially dissected; same collection data as for holotype; CLLG 1187 B . • 2♂ ; same collection data as for holotype; CJC708 and CJC709 • 1♀ ; same collection data as for holotype; CJC710 . FIGURE 2. A . Alive specimen of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . in their habitat. B . Specimen rolling in a perfect ball after disturbance. (Photos: G. Sánchez Jardón). Description Body . Measurements. Maximum length observed 6.5 x 2.8 mm (male). Colour. Dark purplish brown ( Figs. 2A–B , 3A–C ), with yellow muscle spots disposed as follows: pereon -tergites with two paramedian large spots, lateral smaller spots more or less fused; pereon-epimera with small spots except on sevenths; pleon-tergites with some small paramedian spots and large ones on epimera ( Figs. 2A–B , 3C ). Antenna , pereopods and pleopods slightly to quite pigmented. Eusphaeric-type conglobation ( Fig. 2B ). Pereon and pleon epimera strongly arched, directed downwards vertically ( Fig. 3A ). Dorsum smooth, without granulations ( Fig. 3A–C ); integument with circular cavities; scale-setae tricorn type with elongated and sharp tip ( Fig. 4A ). Cephalon . Duplocarinate-type, with scutellar ridge more marked than post-scutellar ridge ( Figs 3B , 4B–C ). Frontal shield with concave sides, slightly raised above vertex, separated from it, forming subscutellar pit ( Figs 3B , 4B–C ). Eyes with 18–20 ommatidia ( Figs. 3A–B , 4B–C ). Pereon . Posterior margin of pereon-tergites 1–2 forming clear angles with corresponding epimera; tergite 1 with acute posterior corner; tergites 3–4 with slightly sinuous posterior margin; tergites 5–6 with straight posterior margin; tergite 7 posterior margin slightly angled at sides ( Figs. 2A , 3A ). Pleon . Pleon-tergites with epimera directed backwards; epimera of pleonites 3–4 with acute posterior corners; epimera 5 with more rounded posterior corners ( Figs. 3C , 4D ) Pleotelson . Triangular, about 1.4 times as wide as long, with rounded tip ( Figs. 3C , 4D ). First Antenna . Three-jointed, with medial article about half as long as other two; distal article bearing 8–10 aesthetascs and small triangular tip ( Fig. 4E ). Second antenna . Reaching posterior margin of first pereon-tergite when extended backwards. Flagellum 2-jointed with proximal article three times shorter than distal ( Fig. 4F ). Distal article with two groups of tiny aesthetascs. Mouthparts . Mandibles with dichotomized molar penicils; left mandible ( Fig. 4G ) with 2 penicils on hairy lobe and 4 free penicils; right mandible ( Fig. 4H ) with 1+1 penicils. Maxillula : outer branch ( Fig. 4I ) with 4 strong teeth, 5 cleft smaller teeth and one simple tooth; inner branch ( Fig. 4J ) with 2 long penicils and short posterior corner. Maxilla ( Fig. 5A ) with outer lobe twice as wide as inner one; 3+1 setae between lobes. Maxilliped ( Fig. 5B ): first palp article with 2 setae; second palp article with three strong setae and several smaller ones; distal article with short apical setae; endite sub-quadrangular with parallel sides, strong seta on caudal face, two teeth on anterior edge and protruding triangular anterolateral corner. Pereopods . All pereopods sexually dimorphic, with different number of ventral setae in males than in females; dactyli with inner claw shorter than outer one. Pereopod 1 ( Fig. 5D ) with longitudinal antennal-grooming brush. Male pereopod 7 ( Fig. 5E–F ) specially modified. Pleopods . Pleopod exopodites 1 and 2 with polyspiracular lungs and notched outer margin of tracheal field, in both males and females ( Figs. 3F–H ; 6A–D ). Exopodites 3–5 subtriangular in males ( Fig. 6E–G ), subquadrangular in females. FIGURE 3. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . (JC708). A. Preserved specimen, lateral view. B. Cephalon, dorsal view. C. Pleon, telson and uropods, dorsal view. D. Pereopod 1 ♂. E. Pereopod 7 ♂. F. Pleopod 1 Endopod ♂ with a magnification of the merus (arrow). G. Pleopod 1 Exopod ♂. H. Pleopod 2 Exopod ♂ (scale bars: A–C, 1 mm; D–H, 0.1 mm). FIGURE 4. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . ♂ (CLLG 1180, Paratype). A . Dorsal cuticular cavities and scale-setae. B . Cephalon, frontal view. C . Cephalon, dorsal view. D . Pleon and pleotelson, dorsal view. E . First antenna. F . Second antenna. G . Left mandible. H . Right mandible. I–J . Maxillula, distal portions of outer and inner branches (scale bars: A, 0.05 mm; B–D, 1 mm; E, 0.05 mm; F, 0.5 mm; G–H, 0.2 mm; I–J, 0.1 mm). FIGURE 5. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . ♂ (CLLG 1180, Paratype). A. Maxilla, distal portion. B . Maxilliped, distal portion. C . Left uropod. D . Pereopod 1. E–F . Pereopod 7 (scale bars: A–B, 0.1 mm; C, 0.3 mm; D–F , 0.5 mm). FIGURE 6. Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . ♂ (CLLG 1180, Paratype) and ♀ (CLLG 1180—B, Paratype). A . Pleopod 1 ♂. B . Pleopod 2 ♂. C . Pleopod 1 ♀. D . Pleopod 2 ♀. E–G . ♂ Pleopods 3–5 exopods (scale bars: A–G, 0.5 mm; details of A–B, 0.05 mm). Uropods . Endopods inserted proximally on medial margin of protopods; cylindrical with outer margin straight, inner margin slightly widened medially. Exopods plate-like, trapezoidal, slightly wider than long, with rounded posterior corners ( Fig 5C ). Male Pereopods 1 ( Figs 3D , 5D ) to 6 with ventral brush of setae on carpus; ventral setae on merus, more abundant on 5th and 6th pereopods. Pereopod 7 ( Figs. 3E , 5E–F ), ischium with enlarged distal half, ventral margin strongly concave with many piliform setae extended to frontal and caudal faces, 4–5 strong setae on dorsal edge; merus with protruded basal heel and several strong setae on ventral margin; carpus with ventral brush of strong setae and keeled dorsal edge. Pleopod 1 ( Figs. 3F–G , 6A ): exopod triangular with short posterior lobe, distally rounded and notched outer margin of tracheal field; endopod three times as long as exopod, straight, not progressively narrowed and weakly curved distally, with some apical spines. Pleopod 2 ( Figs. 3H , 6B ): exopod triangular, with long and straight posterior lobe and notched outer margin of tracheal field; endopod thin and long, surpassing exopod length. Remarks Due to its duplocarinate-type cephalic structure and eusphaeric conglobation ability, A. boalense sp. nov. should be included in the ‘ pictum ’ group, according to the definition of Vandel (1962) . In the Iberian Peninsula three species belonging to this group have been recorded: A. pictum Brandt, 1833 , A. album Dollfus, 1887 , and A. galiciense Schmölzer, 1955 . Furthermore, in other regions of Western Europe close to the northern Iberian Peninsula (e.g., Ireland or France ) an extra species has also been found: Armadillidium pulchellum (Zenker) . A. boalense sp. nov. is externally very similar to A. pictum . Both species show a very similar coloration, which can lead to confusion. However, the new species differs from A. pictum mainly in having the endopodite of the male pleopod 1 almost completely straight, instead of strongly bent from the middle; in the exopod of the pleopod 2, unbent and more distally narrowed instead of with the distal half bent outwards; and in having a greater differentiation of the male pereopod 7, with the ischium with a much larger setose area and a much more pronounced proximal heel than in A. pictum . The cephalic structure of both species is very similar, but in A. boalense the scutellar (frontal) ridge is more marked than the post-scutellar ridge, while it is the other way around in A. pictum . The new species differs from A. album in the exopodites of the male pleopods 1–2; in having triangular scale-setae instead of erect bristles; in the morphology of the male pereopod 7, and in the shape of telson, which is trapezoidal in A. album , instead of triangular. The coloration also differs because A. album is a whitish species with few spots. From A. galiciense differs in the shape of the male pleopods 1–2 and in the strong differentiation of the male pereopod 7. In A. galiciense , the exopod of the male pleopod 7 lacks a posterior lobe and the endopod is even straighter. Moreover, the male pereopod 7 of A. galiciense is not modified. Finally, it differs from A. pulchellum mainly by the endopod of the male pleopod 1; by the exopod of the male pleopod 2, and by the modifications of the male pereopod 7, with very different shape and spinnulation in both species. Collection site and ecology The population of Armadillidium boalense sp. nov . was located in Os Chaos (Boal) in the Principality of Asturias (northern Spain ) ( Fig. 1A ). The collecting area has an Atlantic macrobioclimate with mesotemperate climate ( Rivas-Martínez et al. 2017 ). The area of Boal mean annual temperature is 11.2 ºC and 1250 mm mean annual precipitation (data available at https://es.climate-data.org). This species can be categorized as an epigeous species. Specimens were found in a wall of granite stones which also composed the geological substrate of the study area ( Fig. 1B–C ). Woodlice were usually found among the stones of the wall, although some specimens were found directly on the ground. The wall is closer to a mature forest composed mainly by pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur L.) ( Fig. 1B ), which has in its vicinity a replantation of southern blue gum ( Eucalyptus globulus Labill. ). Under the wall stones there were an important organic matter accumulation mainly composed of peduncle oak leaf litter and mosses. The species is locally abundant and share habitat with other arthropods such as the woodlouse Oniscus asellus L. or centipedes of the genus Lithobius L. The area presents a slight anthropization due to the traffic of people and, sometimes, vehicles, and due to the proximity to several urban areas and villages.