Two new species of the spider genus Loxosceles (Araneae, Sicariidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes
Author
Duperre, Nadine
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-878X
Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany & American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
n.duperre@leibniz-lib.de
Author
Harms, Danilo
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-5345
Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
Author
Crespo-Perez, Veronica
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8811-1965
Laboratorio de Entomologia, Museo de Zoologia QCAZ, Escuela de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Avenida 10 de Octubre 1076, 170143, Quito, Ecuador
Author
Tapia, Elicio
Museum of Nature Hamburg - Zoology, Leibniz-Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Centre for Taxonomy and Morphology, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
text
Evolutionary Systematics
2024
2024-01-10
8
1
1
14
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.107213
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.107213
2535-0730-1-1
651A309753FE49F98B755C5D8AF189F1
4BE9B0A53B4F5F0F8E641BB304D1D704
Loxosceles binfordae
Duperre
& Tapia
sp. nov.
Figs 4
, 5
, 6
, 9C, D, H
, Map 1
Type material.
Male holotype from Loja Province,
Ona
(
-03.47523
,
-79.160351
) 2242 m, 5.III.2020, hand collected under rocks and logs in dry area, N.
Duperre
, E. Tapia, A. Tapia, ECFN 4457 (QCAZ).
Paratypes
: same data as holotype, 1♂5♀, ECFN 7662 7665-7667 7674 (QCAZ);
Ona
(
-03.472523
,
-79.160351
) 2242 m, 5.III.2020, hand collected under rocks and logs, N.
Duperre
, E. Tapia, A. Tapia, 2♀ (ZMH-A0014264, 14625), 1♀ (ZMH-A0015437), 2♀ (ZMH-A0015488, 15489), 1♂, (ZMH-A0015490), 1♀ (ZMH-A0015614), 2♂3♀2juv. (ZMH-A0014266); 1♂2♀ (USNM), 1♂2♀ (AMNH), 2♂2♀ (QCAZ), 1♂2♀ (MCZ); (
-03.471850
,
-79.168543
) 2252 m, 16.XI.2021, hand collected under rocks in dry area, I. Tapia, ECFN 7657 (QCAZ).
Other material examined.
Ecuador
:
Loja Province
:
Ona
(
-03.472523
,
-79.160351
)
2242 m
,
5.III.2020
,
1♂
,
1juv.
, hand collected under rocks and logs,
N.
Duperre
,
E. Tapia
,
A. Tapia
ECFN 4520 (DTC);
Ona
(
-03.471850
,
-79.168543
)
2252 m
,
16.XI.2021
,
2♂
7♀
10juv.
, hand collected under rocks in dry area,
I. Tapia
ECFN
4515 7625 7630 7671 7654 7862
(DTC)
.
Diagnosis.
Males most resemble
L. taeniopalpis
Simon, 1907 and
L. inca
Gertsch, 1967 but are distinguished by their shorter palpal femur and tibia, femur 7
x
as long as wide, tibia 2.8
x
long as wide (Fig.
5A, B
), while in
L. taeniopalpis
the palpal femur is 8
x
as long as wide and the tibia 3.5
x
as long as wide (see
Gertsch 1967
:165, plate 11, fig. 4); and from
L. inca
by its leg formula 2413, while 2143 in
L. inca
(see
Gertsch 1967
: 163). Females most resemble
L. taeniopalpis
,
L. inca
and,
L. guayllabamba
sp. nov. but are distinguished by their spermathecae rounded, short (0.6
x
); with low, wide outer lobes (Fig.
6A-D, G, H
) while in
L. taeniopalpis
the spermathecae are shorter than wide (0.3
x
) and with two outer lobes (Fig.
7C, D
, arrows); from
L. inca
by their spermathecae with outer lobes (Fig.
6A-D, G, H
) absent in the latter (see
Gertsch 1967
: pl.10 fig. 4) and from
L. guayllabamba
sp. nov., by their spermathecae shorter than wide (0.6
x
), while in the latter the spermathecae are as long as wide (1
x
) (Fig.
3A, C
).
Figure 4.
Loxosceles binfordae
sp. nov. Holotype male.
A.
Habitus, dorsal view;
B.
Habitus, ventral view. Paratype female;
C.
Habitus, dorsal view;
D.
Habitus, ventral view. Scale bars: 1.0 mm.
Figure 5.
Loxosceles binfordae
sp. nov. Holotype male.
A.
Palp, prolateral view (arrow points to stridulatory pick);
B.
Palp, retrolateral view;
C.
Male palpal tibia, dorsal view;
D
. Male bulb, apical view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 6.
Loxosceles binfordae
sp. nov. Female internal genitalia.
A.
Dorsal view, paratype (ECFN 7657);
B.
Dorsal view, paratype (ECFN 4429);
C.
Dorsal view, paratype (ECFN 4429);
D.
Dorsal view, paratype (ECFN 4434);
E.
SEM, dorsal view of uterus (ECFN 7657);
F.
SEM, dorsal view of bursa copulatrix (ECFN 7657);
G.
SEM, dorsal view of spermathecae (ECFN 7657);
H.
SEM, dorsal view of right spermathecae (ECFN 7657).
Description.
Male
(holotype): Total length: 7.78; carapace length: 3.29; carapace width: 2.6; abdomen length: 4.49.
Cephalothorax
.
Carapace orange-brown, piriform, pars cephalica darker; darker brown along radiation lines (Fig.
4A
); clypeus 0.19, dark orange-brown.
Chelicerae
.
Dark orange-brown; fused basally, with chelated chelicerae laminae; stridulatory organ well developed with ~32 files; fangs reddish-brown, paler distally; sternum light yellow, longer than wide; labium light orange, trapezoidal, fused to sternum; endites orange, white apically; longer than wide (Fig.
4B
).
Eyes
.
Six eyes in three diads; PME: 0.14, ALE: 0.21, PLE: 0.18, PLE-PLE: 0.82 (Fig.
6A
).
Abdomen
.
Dorsally and ventrally light grayish, elongated oval (Fig.
4A, B
); colulus triangular.
Legs
.
Light orange-brown, femur slightly darker (Fig.
4A, B
). Legs measurements: I 17.77 (4.82/1.09/5.03/5.36/1.47); II 19.2 (5.14/0.88/5.74/5.81/-1.63); III 15.57 (4.37/0.86/4.12/5.25/0.97); IV 17.93 (4.92/1.02/4.93/5.66/1.4). Leg formula: 2413.
Palp
.
Femora light yellow-orange, long and thin (2.25 length /0.32 width = 7.0
x
) with stridulatory pick basally (Fig.
5A
); patellae light yellow-orange; tibiae orange, long (1.27 length /0.45 width = 2.8
x
) and thin (Fig.
5C
); straight dorsally, slightly bulging than ventrally; tarsus reddish-orange (Fig.
5A, B
). Palp bulb rounded, with an evenly, widely curved embolus; tip twisted at (1/3) of embolus tip (Fig.
9C, D
arrow).
Figure 7.
A-D.
SEM,
Loxosceles taeniopalpis
(ECFN 7618).
A.
Dorsal view uterus;
B.
Dorsal view bursa copulatrix;
C.
Dorsal view spermathecae;
D.
Dorsal view right spermathecae;
E-H.
SEM,
Loxosceles lutea
(ECFN 4479);
E.
Dorsal view uterus;
F.
Dorsal view bursa copulatrix;
G.
Dorsal view spermathecae;
H.
Dorsal view left spermathecae.
Figure 8.
A, B.
Loxosceles lutea
(ECFN 4595).
A.
Palp, retrolateral view;
B.
Palp, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Figure 9.
SEM.
A, B.
Loxosceles guayllabamba
sp. nov.
A.
Bulb, retrolateral view (arrow point to curvature in embolus tip);
B.
Embolus, retrolateral view;
C, D.
Loxosceles binfordae
sp. nov.
C.
Bulb, retrolateral view (arrow point to twist in embolus tip);
D.
Embolus, retrolateral view;
E, F.
Loxosceles lutea
(ECFN 4608);
E.
Bulb, retrolateral view (arrow point to twist in embolus tip);
F.
Embolus, retrolateral view;
G.
Loxosceles guayllabamba
sp. nov., male stridulatory pick;
H.
Loxosceles binfordae
sp. nov., male stridulatory pick.
Female
(paratype): Total length: 10.5; carapace length: 4.4; carapace width: 3.56; abdomen length: 6.1.
Cephalothorax
.
Carapace brown, piriform, without violin-shaped pattern dorsally; darker brown along radiation lines and fovea (Fig.
4C
); clypeus 0.41, dark brown.
Chelicerae
.
Dark reddish-brown; fused basally, with chelated chelicerae laminae; stridulatory organ well developed with ~22 files; fangs reddish-brown, paler distally. Sternum orange, longer than wide; labium reddish-brown, trapezoidal, fused to sternum; endites reddish-brown, white apically; longer than wide (Fig.
4D
).
Eyes
.
Six eyes in three diads; PME: 0.14, ALE: 0.18, PLE: 021, PLE-PLE: 1.22 (Fig.
4C
).
Abdomen
.
Dorsally dark grayish, elongated oval (Fig.
4C
); ventrally light gray (Fig.
4D
); colulus triangular.
Legs
.
Light orange-brown, femur slightly darker (Fig.
4C, D
). Legs measurements: I 20.4 (5.53/1.3/6.58/5.52/1.47); II 22.14 (6.04/1.46/6.76/6.34/-1.54); III 18.62 (5.43/1.39/4.88/5.57/1.35); IV 21.93 (6.05/1.54/6.13/6.48/1.73). Leg formula: 2413.
Palp
.
Femur light orange with basal stridulatory pick; patellae light orange; tibia and tarsus dark reddish brown.
Genitalia
.
Spermathecae bean-shaped, rounded apically, with wide outer lobes (Fig.
6A
, arrow); short, wider than long (0.6
x
); bases of spermathecae wide (Fig.
6A-D, G, H
).
Etymology.
The specific name is in honor of Greta Binford, arachnologist and evolutionary biologist, in recognition of her research on
Loxosceles
venom and systematics.
Distribution.
Only known from the type locality.
Natural history.
Females and males were collected under rocks in a semi-deciduous shrubland of the southern Andean valleys (Fig.
11A
).
Figure 10.
A.
Loxosceles guayllabamba
sp. nov. habitat in Pichincha province.
Figure 11.
A.
Loxosceles binfordae
sp. nov. habitat in
Ona
province;
B.
Loxosceles taeniopalpis
habitat in Loja province.