Neotropical Copestylum (Diptera, Syrphidae) breeding in Agavaceae and Cactaceae including seven new species Author Rotheray, Graham E. Author Marcos-García, Maria-Angeles Author Hancock, Geoff Author Pérez-Bañón, Celeste Author Maier, Chris T. text Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 2009 2009-08-31 156 4 697 749 https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x journal article 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00503.x 0024-4082 5443474 COPESTYLUM TRUNCATUM MARCOS, HANCOCK & ROTHERAY SP. NOV. Adult: Male holotype : face with lateral margins inflated and sharply tapered from just above margin of mouth (view from in front). Face yellow with narrow (about as wide as antennal bases are apart) black, mid-dorsal vitta extending from the base of the antennae to the margin of the mouth and face yellow haired. Tubercle slight frons yellow with black hairs. Lateral vittae black reaching mouth and genae black and pale haired ( Fig. 4 ). Antennae dark yellow and arista densely pilose with short, incurved hairs and basoflagellomere dorsally not excavated and more than 3¥ as long as broad. Ocellar triangle black with long black hairs and suture same length as ocellar triangle. Eyes black haired, hairs longer at top of head, and reaching lower margin but hairs absent on posterior margin. Eye hairs denser and darker in the middle of the eye forming a vertical, black stripe. Ground colour of mesonotum black except for uniformly pale yellow lateral margins and a medial pair of bar-shaped pale yellow markings with a bright yellow apex on the posterior margin. Mesonotum white haired with a pair of dusted stripes dorsocentrally ending before the transverse suture. Scutellum yellow with short black hairs and long pale hairs. Pleurae black, only pale on the dorsal part of posterior anepisternum and with long white hairs on posterior anepisternum, anepimeron, and katepisternum. Wings hyaline, without markings or microtrichia. Legs black haired and blackish with knees and basal two thirds of tibiae yellow. Sternites 2 and 3 yellow and pale haired, fuscous medially, remaining sternites black and black haired except anterior corners of sternite 4 with a pair of vague yellow spots. Tergites black except tergite 2 with yellow spots rounded towards the medial line and reaching the side margins. Tergite 3 with a pair of semicircular spots in anterior two thirds and not reaching side margins. Tergite 4 with a pair of yellow bars on the anterior margin and not reaching the side margins. Tergite 1 pale haired except for posterior lateral margins. Tergite 2 pale haired except black haired on posterior third and medial line. Tergite 3 black haired except for pale hairs on anterior margin. Male genitalia: epandrium squarish in shape; surstylus taller than broad and drawn out to a rounded projection on the upper, inner margin; hypandrium not inclined backwards, straight in lateral view; superior lobe with a rounded, hook-like, pinched apex ( Figs 13, 14 ). Female: Similar to holotype male except frons black marked at the vertical triangle, black haired, with one medial and two lateral grooves; width of vertex about one fifth width of head. Length: Body 11.0– 11.2 mm ; wing 9.5–10.0 mm ( N = 5). Larva and puparium: Anterior fold with a narrow spicule band. Crochets of metathoracic prolegs forming a U-shaped band. Metathorax with lateral folds bearing broad setae at sensilla 4 and 5. Anal lobe with spicules. Posterior breathing tube with AP 1.09¥ length of TR, smooth, shining and not tapering. Pupal spiracles about 0.96¥ length of AP. Material examined: Holotype : male with puparium MEXICO , Oaxaca , San Sebastián Frontera, Cerro Colorado 1740 m ( 18°16′23.5″N , 97°39′31.9″W ) 8.vii.1999 , ex decaying stem of N. mezcalaensis (Bravo) Backeb (Cactaceae) , collected by M. A. M. (CIBIO). Paratypes : 2 ♂ with puparia, same data as holotype (CIBIO); 1 ♀ , Hidalgo , Barranco de Metzitlán, 18.vi.2005 , adult collected M. A. M. (CIBIO); 2 ♂ , two puparia, one larva MEXICO , Oaxaca , San Sebastian Frontera, Santiago 8.vii.1999 E. G. H., M. A. M., G. E. R. ex decaying stem of fallen N. mezcalaensis (Cactaceae) (NMS); 1 ♂ , one puparium MEXICO , Oaxaca , San Sebastian Frontera, Cerro Colorado 17.vii.1999 E. G. H., M. A. M., G. E. R. ex decaying stem of fallen N. mezcalaensis (NMS) . Etymology: The name truncatum is descriptive of the surstylar shape. Taxonomic notes: The male of species can be separated easily from other members of the Marginatum group by the male genitalia, yellow frons, and wings with brown basal area and dark cross veins. The larva and puparium of C. truncatum are similar to other members of the Marginatum group in having the AP longer than the width of the TR. It is distinguished from all of these species except C. limbipenne by the narrow band of spicules on the anterior fold and U-shaped arrangement of crochets on the mesothoracic prolegs. It is separated from C. limbipenne by the nontapering AP which is about the width of the TR.