Phylogenetic approach for identification and life cycles of Puccinia (Pucciniaceae) species on Carex (Cyperaceae) from northeastern China Author Ji, Jingxin Author Li, Zhuang Author Li, Yu Author Kakishima, Makoto text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-04-06 542 3 221 255 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1 journal article 53874 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.3.1 3df0930d-462b-4889-8dd8-c94298fa9568 1179-3163 6416737 C14: Puccinia urticae-inflatae Hasler, Mitteil. Aargauischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 17: 64, 1925. ( Fig. 17 ) Description: — Spermogonia amphigenous, honey-yellow, grouped, subepidermal, flask-shaped, type 4 of Cummins & Hiratsuka (2003) . Aecia mostly hypophyllous, sometimes in large groups, spreading along veins, yellow, cupulate with peridia, Aecidium - type . Peridial cells firmly conjunct, cubic to polygonal, hyaline. Aeciospores catenulate, globose to subglobose, angular, 14.5–19.0 × 11.5–14.0 µm (av. 16.5 × 12.5 µm); walls hyaline, 0.8–1.0 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick, densely verrucose with big granules. Uredinia hypophyllous, scattered, minute, brown, covered by epidermis but eventually erumpent. Urediniospores globose or subglobose, 21.0–23.5 × 18.0–21.5 µm (av. 22.5 × 20.0 µm); walls brown, echinulate, 1.4–2.2 µm (av. 1.7 µm), germ pores 2, equatorial. Telia hypophyllous, blackish brown, compact, rounded to broadly elliptic, erumpent. Teliospores broadly clavate, ellipsoid, rounded, conical or truncate at apices, constricted at the septa, attenuate at the bases, 44.0–59.5 × 15.0–19.0 µm (av. 52.5 × 17.0 µm); walls chestnut-brown, 0.6–1.1 µm (av. 0.9 µm) thick at sides, 7.0–11.5 µm (av. 10.0 µm) at apices; pedicels persistent, hyaline to pale brown, thin-walled, 10.0–17.0 µm (av. 13.0 µm) long. Specimens examined from northeastern CHINA : — Jilin Province , Changchun , spermogonia and aecia on Urtica angustifolia Fisch. ex Hornem. , 9 June 2017 , HMJAU 8818 , 17 June 2019 , HMJAU 8817 . Jilin Province , South of Changbai Mountain , spermogonia and aecia on U. angustifolia , 9 September 2017 , HMJAU 8819 . Jilin Province , Changchun , uredinia and telia on Carex kirganica Kom. , 10 July 2015 , HMJAU 8946 , 16 September 2017 , HMJAU 8816 , 4 September 2016 , HMJAU 8810 , 16 September 2017 , HMJAU 8811 , 10 August 2017 , HMJAU 8813 , 10 July 2015 , HMJAU 8814 . Jilin Province , North of Changbai Mountain , uredinia and telia on C. kirganica , 27 August 2016 , HMJAU 8822 . Heilongjiang Province , Wuchang , uredinia and telia on C. rhynchophysa C.A. Mey. , 7 July 2016 , HMJAU 8821 . Jilin Province , Changchun , uredinia and telia on Carex sp. , 12 August 2009 , HMJAU 8947 , 5 July 2018 , HMJAU 8812 , 1 October 2018 , HMJAU 8815 . Jilin Province , North of Changbai Mountain , uredinia and telia on Carex sp. , 22 September 2015 , HMJAU 8820 . Jilin Province , South of Changbai Mountain , uredinia and telia on Carex sp. , 2 September 2018 , HMJAU 8824 . Heilongjiang Province , Wuchang , uredinia, and telia on Carex sp. , 10 September 2017 , HMJAU 8823 . FIGURE 17. Puccinia urticae-inflatae on Urtica angustifolia ( A–H ) and Carex sp. ( I–N ). A , D . Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on leaves and stems in the field. B . Aecia on the lower leaf surface. C . Vertical section of a spermogonium. E . Aeciospores. F . Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. G . An aecium observed under SEM. H . Aeciospores with granules on the surface observed under SEM. I , J . Telia on the leaf surface. K . Urediniospores. L . Vertical section of an uredinium. M . Teliospores. N . Vertical section of a telium. Scale bars: C, K, L, N = 30 μm, E, M = 20 μm, F = 50 μm, G = 100 μm, H = 10 μm. FIGURE 18. Puccinia moiwensis on Urtica angustifolia ( A–G ) and Carex sp. ( H–M ). A . Plants producing spermogonia and aecia on the leaf surface in the field. B . Spermogonia on the upper leaf surface. C . Aecia on the lower leaf surface. D . Vertical section of a spermogonium. E . An aecium observed under SEM. F . Aeciospores with granules on the surface observed under SEM. G . Vertical section of an aecium surrounded with peridia. H . Plants producing uredinia and telia on the leaf surface in the field. I . Uredinia and telia on the lower leaf surface. J . Vertical section of a immature uredinium. K . Vertical section of a telium. L . Vertical section of a uredinium. M . Urediniospores. Scale bars: D, J, K, M = 20 μm, E = 100 μm, F = 10 μm, G = 50 μm, K = 30 μm. Hosts and distribution in northeastern CHINA ( Fig. 1 ): —Spermogonia and aecia on Urtica angustifoli a ( Urticaceae ) (A, D). Uredinia and telia on Carex kirganica (A, D); Carex rhynchophysa (C). Note: —Many specimens collected in the study area are included in this distinct clade, phylogenetically separated from the clade of P. urticata and included in P. urticae-inflatae . Specimens in this clade, including different stages, are also morphologically in agreement with the description of P. urticae-inflatae by Gäumann (1959) and, therefore, this clade is identified as this species. It is morphologically similar to P. urticata and has been treated as its synonym ( Termorshuizen & Swertz 2011 ) or as a synonym of P. caricina ( Wilson & Henderson 1966 ) . However, this species should be treated as independent, because of the phylogenetic difference from these species. It is suspected to be adapted to the natural environmental conditions of the study area and has a heteroecious life cycle host-alternating between Urtica and Carex . This is the first record of this species in China .