Twelve new species of two genera Smenospongia and Cacospongia (Demospongia: Dictyoceratida: Thorectidae) from Korea Author Sim, Chung Ja Author Lee, Kyung Jin Author Kim, Young A text Journal of Species Research 2016 2016-02-29 5 1 31 48 http://dx.doi.org/10.12651/jsr.2016.5.1.031 journal article 10.12651/JSR.2016.5.1.031 2713-8615 13136330 2. Smenospongia nigra n. sp. ( Fig. 2 ) Type specimen. Holotype ( NIBRIV0000321366 ), Korea : Jeollanam-do , Shinan-gun , Heuksan-myeon , Gageodo Island (Jakeunganyeo), 14 Oct 2013 , Kim HS , by SCUBA diving, Depth 20 m , deposited in the NIBR . Description. Thick mass, size up to 13 × 8 × 6 cm . Surface, honeycomb pattern with short and sharp conules, covered with slimy membrane. Oscules open at surface of sponge. Colour in life light beige, change grey after exposure to air and turn to black very slowly in alcohol. Texture soft and compressible, cavernous. Skeleton: Primary fibres, 200-250 μm in diameter, regularly arranged at surface and have dark colour. Fasciculated primary fibres, 400-600 μm in diameter. Chanoso- mal primary fibres, 100-250 μm in diameter, cored with rare spicules and small sands, but easy to find spicules at end of surface primary fibres. Secondary fibres, 30-50 μm in diameter at surface. Choanosomal secondary fibres, 100-150 μm in diameter, irregularly arranged. Some part of enlarged secondary fibres cored with material like egg. Lateral side of sponge has thin secondary fibres network. Secondary fibres at base of sponge attached to substrate ( Fig. 2G ). Table 1. Fibres size data and morphological characteristics of the species of Smenospongia and Cacospongia

Species	Growth form	Colors	Surface (dermal membrane)	Fibres (μm in diameter) Primary Secondary
S. spinulosa	Thick mass	Beige to Black (very fast turn)	light honeycomb (slimy membrane)	100-250 400-500 (fasciculate)	10-50-100 160(base)
S. nigra	Thick mass	Beige to Black (very slowly change)	honycomb with sharp conules (slimy membrane)	200-250 400-600 (fasiculate)	30-150
S. flavia	Thick mass	Orange yellow to Dark brown	honeycomb low conules	250-400	50-120
S. arbuscula	Thick encrusting	Golden yellow to Dark brown	low conules	200-300	50-100 (rare)
S. dokdoensis	Thick encrusting	Dark brown	honeycomb low sharp conules	100-300	50-100
S. scalaris	Thick mass	Dark gray to black	round conules (slimy membrane)	100-250 500 (fasciculate)	50-100 30-50(base)
S. wiedenmayeri	Thick mass	Grey and beige to dark brown	indistinct conules (slimy membrane)	100-200	30-100
S. varispina	Thick chusion shape	Beige to dark brown	low sharp conules (without membrane)	100-300	40-100
S. duokyeo	Thick mass	Beige to dark brownish black	smooth (membrane)	140-200 850-1000 (fasciculate)	30-120
S. gageoensis	Thick encrusting	Beige to black	honeycomb (slimy membrane)	200-300 600 (fasiculate)	40-100 150-200
C. bakusi	Round mass	Grey to Black	honeycomb sharp conules	150-230 (fasiculate)	100 20-30
C. dokdoensis	Thin encrusting	Black	rough with conules	100-200-300 (fasiculate)	30-50-100

Etymology. The specific name, nigra , is named after the black color in spirit. Remark. This new species is similar to Smenospongia coreana Lee and Sim, 2005 in that the colour changed very slowly, but differs in skeletal structure. Secondary fibres of Smenospongia coreana are distributed only at the ectoderm and changed its colour to dark brown. This new species has secondary fibres throughout the sponge and changed its colour to black.