The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala Author Dean, Ellen UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027 eadean@ucdavis.edu Author Poore, Jennifer UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA Author Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108 Author Nee, Michael H. 26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA Author Kang, Hannah UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA Author Starbuck, Thomas UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA Author Rodrigues, Annamarie UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA Author Conner, Matthew UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA text PhytoKeys 2020 168 1 333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904 1314-2003-168-1 5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498 47 Lycianthes textitlaniana E.Dean, Phytologia (Dec 18, 2017) 99: 242. 2017 Fig. 106 Type. Mexico: State of Oaxaca, Dto. Sola de Vega, Mpio. Santiago Textitlan , Colonia Nueva, 18 Aug 2006, Alma Zarate Marcos AZM-274 (holotype: MEXU [acc. # 1229513]; isotype: SERBO [acc. # 115451]. Figure 106. Image of holotype of L. textitlaniana , Zarate 274 (MEXU). Specimen used with permission from the Herbario Nacional de Mexico , Universidad Autonoma de Mexico . Description. Small shrub, ca. 0.5 m tall. Indument of clear to white, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, crisped, glandular (glandular tip golden-yellow to grey), spreading trichomes 0.25-1 (1.5) mm long. Stems pale green (drying tan) when young, moderately to densely pubescent, not much compressed when dried in a plant press, becoming brown and woody with age; upper sympodial branching points dichasial and monochasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 3-7 x 1.5-3 cm, the smaller ones with blades 1.5-5 x 0.5-2 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate, to elliptic, chartaceous, moderately to densely pubescent, the base truncate, cuneate, or attenuate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acuminate, the petiole 0.1-1 cm long, sometimes absent, the larger leaf blades with 4-5 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary, axillary, oriented horizontally; peduncles absent; pedicels ca. 20-25 mm long and erect in flower, 20-30 mm long and erect to arching in fruit, moderately to densely pubescent; calyx 3-3.5 mm long, 3.5-4 mm in diameter, campanulate, moderately to densely puberulent, the margin truncate, with 10 spreading linear, basally flattened appendages 7-10 mm long emerging ca. 0.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped, 4-6 mm long, 9-12 mm in diameter, appendages to 15 mm long; corolla 1.2-1.5 cm long, rotate in orientation, mostly entire in outline (with shallow notches), with abundant interpetalar tissue, purple and glabrous adaxially, color of abaxial side unknown, glabrous; stamens unequal, straight, the four short filaments 1-2 mm long, the one long filament 2-3 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 3.5-4 mm long, elliptic to lanceolate, free of one another, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores ovate, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style ca. 7 mm long, linear, glabrous, the stigma capitate, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a dry berry lacking juicy mesocarp, 13-15 mm long, 9-12 mm in diameter, turbinate, the tip apiculate, pale greenish orange when mature, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 50-80 per fruit, 1.75-2 x 1.25-1.5 mm, somewhat compressed, round-edged, reniform in outline, tan-orange, surface pitted. Chromosome number. Unknown. Distribution and habitat. Mexico (Oaxaca), in pine-oak forest, ca. 1500 m in elevation (Fig. 107 ). Figure 107. Map of geographic distribution of L. textitlaniana based on herbarium specimen data. Common names and uses. None known. Phenology. A flowering and fruiting specimen has been collected in July. The timing of the diurnal corolla movements is unknown; however, the corollas are open on the two specimens of the type collection, indicating that the flowers are open for part of the day. Preliminary conservation status. Lycianthes textitlaniana is a rare plant of Oaxaca, Mexico, represented by only one collection, which is not from a protected area and was burned in recent fires ( Dean et al. 2017b ). The EOO is only 4 km2. Based on the very small EOO, and following the IUCN (2019) criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Critically Endangered (CR). Discussion. Lycianthes textitlaniana is unlike any other Lycianthes species in its combination of glandular pubescence, relatively long calyx appendages, and dry turbinate berry with round-edged seeds with pitted surface. Representative specimens examined. This species is only known from the one type specimen cited above.