French Mediterranean islands as a refuge of relic earthworm species: Cataladrilus porquerollensis sp. nov. and Scherotheca portcrosana sp. nov. (Crassiclitellata, Lumbricidae) Author Marchán, Daniel F. 3B3731B6-B5FB-409A-A7A3-99FD0F96D688&38538B17-F127-4438-9DE2-F9D6C597D044 Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, E- 36310 Vigo, Spain. CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France. Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. UMR Eco & Sols, INRAE-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France. Taxonomia Biodiversity Fund, 7 rue Beccaria, 72012, Paris, France. dadico@ucm.es Author Decaëns, Thibaud B61F61B2-3012-4526-8FF9-DC94D372AF77 CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France thibaud.DECAENS@cefe.cnrs.fr Author Díaz Cosín, Darío J. 38538B17-F127-4438-9DE2-F9D6C597D044 Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain dadico@ucm.es Author Hedde, Mickaël F4A219F7-7E75-4333-8293-3004B3CD62C5 UMR Eco & Sols, INRAE – IRD – CIRAD – SupAgro Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France mickael.hedde@inra.fr Author Lapied, Emmanuel B1FB8658-DFC3-481C-A0BE-B8488A018611 Taxonomia Biodiversity Fund, 7 rue Beccaria, 72012, Paris, France elapied@yahoo.com Author Domínguez, Jorge 167575D5-D2CC-4B37-8B1D-0233E6B154E5 Grupo de Ecoloxía Animal (GEA), Universidade de Vigo, E- 36310 Vigo, Spain. CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France. Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. UMR Eco & Sols, INRAE-IRD-CIRAD-SupAgro Montpellier, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France. Taxonomia Biodiversity Fund, 7 rue Beccaria, 72012, Paris, France. jdguez@uvigo.es text European Journal of Taxonomy 2020 2020-08-13 701 1 22 journal article 21296 10.5852/ejt.2020.701 73792db7-0c46-4ef2-9d83-ecd3e3f42935 3988368 D9291955-F619-46EA-90E1-DA756D1B7C55 Scherotheca portcrosana Marchán & Decäens sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 663F18D2-A2EA-4B4E-8ED3-55A3FE5B7D57 Fig. 3 , Table 4 Diagnosis Specimens of Scherotheca portcrosana Marchán & Decäens sp. nov. can be distinguished from other known species of Scherotheca by the position of the clitellum in segments 26–35 ( ½ 36) and tubercula pubertatis in segments 30–33, position of spermathecae in 12, 13 in addition to a smaller body size and faint pigmentation ( Table 4 ). Etymology The species name is derived from Port-Cros, the island inhabited by this species. Material examined Holotype FRANCE • adult ; Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur , Var , Port-Cros Island ; 43.0089º N , 6.41176º E [Locality 3 (PCR8) ( Table 1 )]; 13 Mar. 2018 ; T. Decaens , E. Lapied , M. Hedde and M. Zwicke leg.; meadow ; BOLD Sample ID: EW-PNPC-0174 ; UCMLT . Paratypes FRANCE – Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur • 1 spec. ; Var , Port-Cros Island ; 43.0042º N , 6.39014º E [Locality 1 (PCR3) ( Table 1 )]; 13 Mar. 2018 ; T. Decaens , E. Lapied , M. Hedde and M. Zwicke leg.; evergreen oak forest ; BOLD SampleID: EW-PNPC-0111 ; UCMLT • 5 specs ; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD SampleID: EW-PNPC-0117 , EW-PNPC-0119 , EW-PNPC-0120 , EW-PNPC-0121 , EW-PNPC-0122 ; CEFE • 1 spec. ; Var , Port-Cros Island ; 43.0119º N , 6.39384º E [Locality 2 (PCR6) ( Table 1 )]; 13 Mar. 2018 ; T. Decaens , E. Lapied , M. Hedde and M. Zwicke leg.; mixed pine/evergreen oak forest ; BOLD SampleID: EW-PNPC-0237 ; UCMLT • 1 spec. ; same collection data as for preceding; BOLD SampleID: EW-PNPC-0242 ; CEFE . Morphological description External morphology Body pigmentation very faint brown-grey. White-beige with dorsal brownish mid-segment brown bands in fixed specimens ( Fig. 3 ). Average length 80 mm ( 75–85 mm , n = 2 adults ); average diameter 7 mm ( 6.9–7.1 mm , n = 3 adults ); body cylindrical in cross-section; average number of segments 163 (160–166, n = 2 adults ; 166 segments in the holotype ). Average weight (fixed specimens): 2.13 g ( 1.89–2.36 g , n = 2 adults ). Prostomium epilobous, closed. Longitudinal furrows in segments 1 and 2. First dorsal pore at intersegmental furrow 5/6. Nephridial pores “en solfège” (irregularly distributed). Spermathecal pores at intersegmental furrows 12/13 and 13/ 14 in c . Male pores in segment 15, surrounded by a well-developed porophore. Female pores on segment 14. Clitellum saddle-shaped in segments 26–35 ( ½ 36). Tubercula pubertatis in segments 30–33. Chaetae small and closely paired, with interchaetal ratio aa : 8, ab : 1, bc : 3.5, cd : 1, dd : 18 at segment 40. Chaetophores/genital papillae in segments 11, 12, 14, 27, 29 and 34–38. Fig. 3. External morphology of Scherotheca portcrosana Marchán & Decäens sp. nov. a . Live specimen (© T. Decaëns). b . Fixed specimen. c . Schematic drawing. Abbreviations: cl = clitellum; fp = female pore; mp = male pore; tp = tubercula pubertatis. Table 4. Morphological characters of Scherotheca portcrosana Marchán & Decäens sp. nov. and morphologically similar relatives of genera Scherotheca Bouché, 1972 and Eumenescolex Qiu & Bouché, 1998 . Length expressed in mm, weight expressed in mg.
Characters Scherotheca portcrosana sp. nov. Scherotheca corsicana corsicana Scherotheca portonana Eumenescolex simplex
Length 75–85 90–140 78–165 105–112
N. segments 160–166 177–215 193–208 99–154
Weight 1890–2360 2000–3500 1588–2821 ?
Pigmentation Brown (faint) Dark brown Brown ?
Prostomium Epilobous Epilobous Epilobous Pro-epilobous
Setae Closely paired Closely paired Closely paired ?
Setal arrangement 8:1:3.5:1:18 8:1.5:4.5:1:19 11.6:1.6:8:1:33 ?
Papillae 11–14, 27, 29, 34–38 9–11, 27–37 11–14, 34, 35 ?
First dorsal pore 5/6 9/10 10/11 11/12
Nephridial pores En solfège En solfège En solfège ?
Male pores ½ 15, b ½ 15, b ½ 15, b ?
Female pores ½ 14, b ½ 14, b ½ 14, b ?
Spermathecal pores 12/13, 13/14 simple in C 12/13, 13/14 simple in C 12/13, 13/14 simple in C 13/14 simple in C
Clitelum 26–35( ½ 36) ( ½ 26)1/27– ½ 36(36) (25)26–35 26– ½ 36
Tubercula pubertatis 30–33 ( ½ 30) 31– ½ 34(34) (28)29–32(33) 29– ½ 33
Oesophageal hearts 6/11 6/11 6/11 6–11
Calciferous glands ½ 10–14, diverticles in 10 ½ 10–14, diverticles in 10 ½ 10–14, diverticles in 10 ?
Crop 15–16 15–16 15–16 ?
Gizzard 17–19 17–19 17–19 17–19
Typhlosole Pinnate Pinnate Pinnate ?
Nephridial bladders U-shaped, reclinate J-shaped, reclinate J-shaped, reclinate ?
Seminal vesicles 9, 10, 11, 12 9, 10, 11, 12 9, 10, 11, 12 9, 10, 11, 12
Spermathecae Simple, oval in 12, 13 Simple, oval in 13, 14 Simple, oval in 13, 14 ?
Internal anatomy Septa 5/6–10/11 thickened and muscular. Hearts in segments 6–11, oesophageal. Calciferous glands in segments 10–14, with diverticula in segment 10. Crop in segments 15–16, gizzard in segments 17–19. Typhlosole pinnate. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels (not enclosed in testes sacs, but with sperm present) located ventrally in segments 10 and 11. Four pairs of reniform seminal vesicles in segments 9, 10, 11 and 12, with the latter two pairs being larger. Ovaries and female funnels in segment 13, ovarian receptacles (ovisacs) in segment 14. Two pairs of small globular spermathecae in segments 12 and 13 (intersegments 12/13, 13/14). Nephridial bladders U-shaped, reclinate in segment 30. Distribution and ecology Scherotheca portcrosana Marchán & Decäens sp. nov. is known from the island of Port-Cros in the Hyères Archipelago, France . This species has been found in meadows, pine and evergreen oak forests, thus appears to have a preference for natural habitats.