A systematic review of Rhinopetitia Géry (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with descriptions of four new species and redescription of R. myersi Géry Author Menezes, Naércio A. Author Netto-Ferreira, Andre L. text Zootaxa 2019 2019-11-18 4700 1 59 86 journal article 24873 10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.3 a86fa4a0-606f-4828-84c9-f931abd9c49e 1175-5326 3545298 499CD9ED-D11C-4F0E-B0B5-066590C7928E Key to the species of Rhinopetitia 1. Teeth of the outer premaxillary series with seven to nine cusps.................................... R. potamorhachia 1’. Teeth of the outer premaxillary series with three to five cusps.................................................. 2 2. Gill rakers rudimentary on the anterior and posterior parts of first gill-arch ( Fig. 3 ), 8–12 on external row of first gill-arch (upper Rio Tocantins basin)......................................................................... R. paucirastra 2’. Gill rakers well-developed on the anterior and posterior parts of first gill-arch, 13–19 on external row of first gill-arch..... 3 3. Four longitudinal scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line (upper Rio Xingu and Jamanxim basins)...... R. oligolepis 3’. Five longitudinal scales rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line............................................... 4 4. Lateral line scales 32–34; circumpeduncular scales 12 (Rio Tocantins-Araguaia basin)........................ R. myersi 4’. Lateral line scales 35–39; circumpeduncular scales 13–14..................................................... 5 5. Faint vertically elongate humeral blotch onto scales of 4 longitudinal series; dark mid-lateral stripe very conspicuous and broad; body depth 20–24.8% of standard length (Fig. 4); dark mid-lateral body stripe very conspicuous and broad (lower Rio Xingu and Rio Tapajós basins).................................................................... R. nigrofasciata 5’. Strongly marked somewhat oval humeral blotch onto scales of 3 longitudinal series; mid-lateral stripe faint and narrow; body depth 25–31% of standard length ( Fig. 4 ) (Rio Tapajós and Xingu basins)......................... R. melanohumeralis