Novelties in the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) in Turkey Author Keskin, Mustafa 0000-0003-2454-1891 Marmara University, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Biology Program, 34722, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey & trifolium @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2454 - 1891 trifolium@hotmail.com Author Severoğlu, Zeki 0000-0002-3420-3557 Marmara University, Science and Education Faculty, Biology Department, Department of Plant Diseases and Microbiology, 34722, Goztepe, İstanbul, Turkey & zseveroglu @ marmara. edu. tr; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3420 - 3557 zseveroglu@marmara.edu.tr text Phytotaxa 2022 2022-03-07 538 2 113 123 journal article 20287 10.11646/phytotaxa.538.2.3 92d46141-6d3f-4554-b5de-64285fa4faff 1179-3163 6333680 Polygonum urnigera M.Keskin , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–2 ). Type: — TURKEY . İstanbul , Sarıyer , Bahçeköy , Belgrad forest , above of Kömürcüler dam, 20 October 2019 , Keskin 7877 ( holotype MUFE 5088!, isotypes NGBB!, ISTE!) . Diagnosis:― Small and compact annual herb with narrowly linear leaves and shorter ovate–lanceolate bracts; sterile shoots with folded leaf edges; small, generally reddish, suburceolate, or urceolate and unnerved tepals at fruiting stages, cleistogamous flowers. Description:― Plant compact, prostrate, small, annual herbs. Stem generally a few to numerous, 2–20 cm , striate, glabrous, green with short shoots, no flowers but entire ochrea and longitudinally folded leaf edges present. Ochrea brownish at the base with 8–10-nerved, c. 5 mm long; hyaline–laciniate to 2–3 mm at the apex, membranous. Nods 5–7 mm as long as ochrea or sometimes a little longer. Petioles 0.5–1.0 mm long, included in ochrea. Leaves 9–11 × 0.8– 1.0 mm, narrowly linear–subelliptic, obtuse, green, prominently veined, revolute, somewhat undulate and thickened at margins, branched nerves absent. Bracts ovate–lanceolate, 3–7 × 0.9–1.4 mm long, shorter than leaves, 3–5 nerved very prominently at the lower side. Inflorescence axillary, cymes in axils of most leaves and toward tips of stems and branches, 2–3-flowered in each node. One of the flowers in the cluster matures and wrapped by 3 bracteoles. Pedicels at most 1.2 mm , included in ochrea. Tepal 1.5–2.0 mm long; tube dark green, lobes free, longer than the tube, white or little pinkish. Fruiting tepal red or green, suburceolate or urceolate. Stigma 3. Stamen 6, filaments 1/ 2 mm ; anthers spheroid, yellow. Achenes 2 mm long; trigonous, shiny, and included in the tepal. Etymology:― The epithet “ urnigera ” derives from fruiting tepal shape is similar to an urn which (in mosses) has a spore-bearing part of the capsule. Phenology:― Flowering time July–October. Habitat and ecology:― Polygonum urnigera grows in the openings Belgrad forest facing the Black Sea, together with Polygonum pulchellum Lois. , Crocus pulchellus Herb. , Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer var. procera , Trifolium pratense L. var. pratense , Calluna vulgaris Salisb. , Erica arborea L., E. manipuliflora Salisb. , Asplenium adiantumnigrum L., Rosa canina L., Ruscus aculeatus L., R. hypoglossum L., Ilex colchica Pojark. , Quercus pubescens Willd. , Castanea sativa Mill. FIGURE 1. General habitat of Polygonum urnigera (top) and close up of a flowering shoot (bottom). Habitat in which Polygonum urnigera occurs is quite similar to those P. istanbulicum that is endemic to İstanbul ( Altay et al . 2013 ). Belgrad forest is a protected area of great significance, with a rich flora and fauna ( Bornmüller 1900 , Kayacık 1955 , Yaltırık 1966 , Aytuğ et al. 1974 , Yaltırık et al. 1983 , Çolak 2013 ). Conservation status:― On the basis of the IUCN (2019) , 1) less than 500 mature individuals were observed at the type locality, 2) AOO is 10 km 2 , 3) no imminent threat to the habitat of this new species occurs (but some human pressure is expected in the future), and 4) two localities close to each other can be found. According to the criteria D1 and D2, the species can be assessed as Vulnerable (VU). Notes:― Polygonum urnigera morphologically similar to P. arenastrum Boreau and the two species differ by small habit, urceolate or suburceolate flowers, and long ochrea ( Table 1 ). TABLE 1. A morphological comparison between Polygonum urnigera and P. arenastrum .

Polygonum urnigera	Polygonum arenastrum
Stem length (cm)	2–20	10–40
Side shoots	c.10 mm, without flowers but entire ochrea and leaves with longitudinal folded edges present.	10–30 mm; with flowers; ochrea lacerate and leaves with flat edges
Ochrea (mm) Petiols (mm)	5, 10-nerved, long ciliate 0.5–1.0	3–6, 5–7-nerved, usually lacerate 1–1.5
Leaves (mm) Bracts (mm)	9–11 × 0.8–1.0; revolute, linear–subelliptic 3–7 × 0.9–1.4; revolute	8–21 × 1.3–2.2; flat, elliptic to lanceolate 0.5–1.2 × 1.5–3.0; flat
Tepals (mm)	1.5–2.0; red or reddish in mature, suburceolate to urceolate	1.8–2.2; green, tubular to funnel shape
Tepal tube Pedicel (mm)	shorter than lobes 0.5–1.2	equal to lobes 1.0–1.3
Nut (mm)	2; included in tepal	2–2.8; exserted from tepal

Paratypes : — TURKEY . İstanbul , Sarıyer , Bahçeköy , Belgrad forest , above of Kömürcüler dam, 19 July 2020 , Keskin 8054 , Akkılıç , Akkılıç (MUFE!). Ibid ., Sarıyer , Bahçeköy , Belgrad forest , above of Kömürcüler dam, 6 September 2020 , Keskin 8074 (MUFE!) . Other examined specimens:— Polygonum arenastrum . TURKEY . Ağrı : A few hundred meters W of Telgeker village and ca. 15 km W of Bazargan and Iranian border, gravelly steppe and roadside, 1500 m , 20 August 1972 , Kukkonen 7986 (E00470859!); Just east of Yoncalı village, ca. 10 km east of Ağrı , margin of a sugar beet field, 1650 m , 21 August 1972 , Uotila 19577 (E00470853!). Amasya : Akdağ, bottom of Kızılkıþlacık village, Çayındere area, 500 m , 6 October 1978 , Alpınar (ISTE 41526!). Ankara : Keçiören, Hacıkadın valley, 9 January 1947 , Davis 13114 (E00470860!); Ziraat Mektebi, 22 July 1942 , Bağda 719 (ANK!). Antalya : Akdağ, Geyik mountain, N, lake side, 2300 m , 28 August 1947 , Davis 14360 (E00470852!, ANK! and ISTE 52228!). Balıkesir : Gürgen dağı, Ayıcreek area, 800 m , 27 October 1973 , Özhatay (ISTE 26955!). Bitlis : Tatvan, Adilcevaz c. 2 km , N. of Ahlat, Volcanic gravel by shore of Van lake, 24 August 1956 , McNeill 646 (E00470854!). Bolu : Abant lake, 25 September 1950 , Berk and Baytop (ISTE 1813!);Aktaþ forest, Sarıçam area, road side, 1300 m , 20 September 1976 , Ketenoğlu 554 (ANK!); Koru motel, garden of the motel, 850 m , 31 August 1972 , Uotila 20233 (E00470847!). Bursa : Uludağ, Kadiyayla, 1231 m , 8 October 1977 , Baytop (ISTE 38605!). Giresun : Espiye, sandy shore, 1 m , 25 August 1972 , Uotila 19842 (E00470850!); Giresun side of border at Boztaş, open alpine grassland, prostrate, 2400 m , 5 August 1965 , Tobey 1458 (E00470848!). İstanbul : Adalar, Burgazada, sea side, 1 m , 16 September 2019 , Keskin 7888 (MUFE!); Adalar, Burgazada, above part, 15 m , 16 September 2019 , Keskin 7886 (MUFE!); Adalar, Kınalı ada, 23 November 2019 , Keskin 7892 (MUFE!); Ataþehir, Kayıþdağı, 24 October 1950 , Berk and Baytop (ISTE 3766!) (MUFE!); Beykoz, road of Riva lake, S, 20 November 2013 , Yüzbaþıoğlu 3916 (ISTE 101223!); Kadıköy, Bostancı shore, near port, rocky openings, 1 m , 17 November 2019 , Keskin 7890 (MUFE!); Maltepe, Baþıbüyük District, Askeriye hill, 12 July 2005 , Keskin 4358 (MUFE!); Maltepe, Başıbüyük District, forest side, 19 July 2020 , Keskin 8049 (MUFE!); Maltepe, Baþıbüyük District, Süreyyapaþa Hospital B–Blok Parking area, 22 December 2019 , Keskin 7900 (MUFE!); Maltepe, Baþıbüyük District, Forest around the Süreyyapaþa Hospital, 15 September 1996 , Keskin 820a (ISTE 77692!); Pendik, Akfırat resort, Formula 1 area, track ahead, openings, 29 October 2004 , Keskin 3583 (MUFE!); Pendik, Akfırat resort, Formula 1 area, track ahead, creek side, 26 December 2004 , Keskin 3623 (MUFE!); Pendik, Akfırat resort, Formula 1 area, track ahead, creek side, 24 September 2005 , Keskin 4676 (MUFE!); Pendik, Akfırat resort, Formula 1 area, 26 June 2005 , Keskin 4285 (MUFE!); Pendik, Dolayoba, 01 November 1896 , Aznavour (E00470862!); Sancaktepe, Samandıra, A.Atila garden, 6 September 1988 , Baytop (ISTE 59702!). Izmir : Merkez, 29 October 1867 , Ball . (E00470858!). Kars : Aralık, Ağrı dağı, Serdarbulak, 2300 m , 20 July 1966 , Davis 46926 (E00470856!); Doğubeyazıt, volcanic soil, 27 July 1969 , Hewitt 150 (E00470855!). Kastamonu : Ağılı–Hasanağa arası, Hasandağ, top of the well, alpinic area, volcanic parts, 1000 m , 08 October 1980 , Ketenoğlu 1412 (ANK!). Konya : Konya to Çumra, Küçükköy, cultivated land, 9 July 1962 , Helbaek 2683 (E00470844!); Çumra, Belkuyu village, 1200 m , 28 July 2001 , Tugay 2069 (KNYA 25101!). Malatya : Akçadağ, Gürkaynak village, above of Kademler, road side, 1730 m , 20 August 2006 , Yeşil (ISTE 85901!); Gürün, Malatya c. 40 km from Malatya , roadside gravel, perennial, 7 August 1956 , McNeill 470 (E00470849!). Niğde : Bulgar Maden, 28 August 1855 , Bal . (E00470851!); Yamaç, 2030 m , 24 July 1974 , Düzenli 490 (ANK!). Rize : Çamlıhemþin, Koluna village, 1300–1700 m , 24 October 1980 , Güner 3069 (ANK!). Sakarya : Adapazarı, c. 35 km of Bolu , waste ground by roadside, 300 m , 21 July 1956 , McNeill 236 (E00470857!). Samsun : Akdağ, Ladik yaylası, 1300 m , 10 October 1978 , Alpınar (ISTE 41636!). Trabzon : Around Araklı, c. 1–3 km East, Sürmene, 20 August 1976 , Buttler (ANK!). Van : Around Erciþ road, Çakırbey karayolları bakımevi, 1750 m , 19 September 1974 , Baytop and Baytop (ISTE 31001!); Slopes of Van Castle, Hazaldere, 1750 m , 17 September 1974 , Baytop and Baytop (ISTE 30946!). Yozgat : Nalbant mountain, calcistic–mikashist, 2000–2200 m , 04 July 1979 , Ekim–Düzenli 5148 (ANK!). FIGURE 2. Polygonum urnigera : (a) Leaf, (b) Bract, (c) Ochrea, (d) Tepal (scale bars: 1 mm). Polygonum aviculare L. TURKEY . Amasya : W. of Boğaz Village , 18 July 1955 , Çetik 390 (ANK!); Boğazköy , west, in field, 13 July 1955 , Çetik (KNYA 16966!) . Ankara : G.O.farm, arid meadow, 830 m , 14 September 1945 , Kasaplıgil (ANK!); Şeker factory, 800 m , 20 August 1980 , Ekim 278 (ANK!); Ayaş Elma creek , in field, 23 July 1954 , Çetik (KNYA 16963!) . Edirne : Sarayiçi , 19 September 1961 , Baytop and Baytop (ISTE 6560!) . Erzincan : Kurutilek , 24 June 1940 , Bağda 205 (ANK!); Soğucak Village , Dumlu , 17 July 1977 , Buttler – Von Bothme 22623 (ANK!) . Giresun : 40 km E. of İspiye , 25 August 1972 , Uotila 19835 (ANK!) . Hakkari : Yüksekova , Başkale , 1650 m , 8 September 1977 , Buttler 23137 and von Bothmer (ANK!) . Iğdır : Tuzluca , Gaziler town , 1083 m , 01 June 2007 , Altundağ 263 (ISTE 84584!); Tuzluca , Gaziler town , 1305 m , 02 June 2007 , Altundağ 344 (ISTE 84594!) . Isparta : Yaka village , schist land, Pinus nigra forest, 1800 m , 01 July 1974 , Peşmen – Güner (ANK!) . İstanbul : Adalar , Büyükada , back face, Fayton station , 8 March 2020 , Keskin 7923 (MUFE!); Adalar , Kınalıada , meadow, N 40 o 54’ 22 ,’’ and E 29 o 03’ 0,09’’ , 04 June 2016 , Keskin 6250 (MUFE!); Arnavutköy , Dursunköy , Atatürk street, N 41 o 13‘ 51.3‘‘ and E 28 o 38‘ 59,4‘‘ , 61 m , 11 July 2020 , Keskin 7995 (MUFE!); Beykoz, Riva, out of creek, Anadolu Hisarı Su Sporları Kulüp area , 29 April 2020 , Keskin 7946 (MUFE!); Çınarcık, 4 August 1974 , Dökmeci (ISTE 30711!); Eyüpsultan, Ağaçlı District , beach, N 41 o 15‘ 49.9‘‘ and E 28 o 52‘ 36,5‘‘ , 0 m, 11 June 2020 , Keskin 7988 (MUFE!); Kadıköy, Moda coast, sea side, rocky area, 1 m , 21 January 2020 , Keskin 7914 (MUFE!); Maltepe , Baþıbüyük district , Süreyyapaþa Hastahanesi B – Block , parking area, 22 December 2019 , Keskin 7901 (MUFE!); Pendik , Akfırat resort, Formula 1 area, against the track, around the stream 24 September 2005 , Keskin 4670 (MUFE!); Sarıyer , Belgrad forest , 29 September 1964 , Baytop (ISTE 7793!), Selimpaşa , sandy places, 7 August 1967 , Baytop (ISTE 117431); Sultanbeyli , top of Aydos Sosyal Tesisleri , around the summit, N 40 o 56’ 05,194’’ and E 29 o 16’ 20,81’’ , forest openings, 8 July 2019 , Keskin 7854 (MUFE!) . Kastamonu : Between Kastamonu and Araç , Kızıltepe area , 1000 m , 22 September 1981 , Demirörs 598 (ANK!); Sekiler village , Seki creek , 1100 m , 04 July 1976 , Kılınç 6934 (ANK!) . Kars : Aralık , Adetli village , 300 m west, roadside, 840 m , 7 June 1984 , Tatlı (KNYA 11464!) . Kayseri : Karasaz swamp, 1020 m , 18 July 1973 , Çetik 3954 (ANK!) . Kırklareli : Dereköy around, 27 June 1996 , Yarcı (MUFE!); Körfez , Kıyıköy around, cornfield, 30 June 2002 , Yarcı , Serin (MUFE!) . Konya : Altınapa dam, east, 1270 m , 24 July 2005 , Yıldıztugay (KNYA 21261!) . Muğla : Eski Gölköy , in–garden, 30 April 2000 , İnaltong (BOD 357!) Samsun : Kavak , Azaklı village , 1 June 2000 , Keskin 2413 (ISTE 79241!) . Sivas : Centre , June 1989 , Üçer (ISTE 60362!); Between Sivas and Kayseri , Sorkuncuk village , Sinekli village , 1350 m , 29 August 1976 , Buttler 21850 (ANK!) . Trabzon : Between Trabzon and Giresun , Yılgın village , seaside, 30 July 1956 , Karamanoğlu 741 (ANK!) . Zonguldak : Centre , 21 September 1940 , Kasaplıgil (ANK!) .