Novel saprobic Hermatomyces species (Hermatomycetaceae, Pleosporales) from China (Yunnan Province) and Thailand Author Ren, Guang-Cong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9923-2626 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & Guiyang Nursing Vocational College, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China Author Wanasinghe, Dhanushka N. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1759-3933 Center for Mountain futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County 654400, Yunnan, China & CIFOR-ICRAF China Program, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China Author Monkai, Jutamart School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Author Mortimer, Peter E. Center for Mountain futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County 654400, Yunnan, China Author Hyde, Kevin D. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand & Guiyang Nursing Vocational College, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China Author Xu, Jian-Chu Center for Mountain futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County 654400, Yunnan, China Author Pang, Aimin Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang, 441003, Hubei, China ppam@tom.com Author Gui, Heng Center for Mountain futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Honghe County 654400, Yunnan, China guiheng@mail.kib.ac.cn text MycoKeys 2021 2021-08-09 82 57 79 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67973 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.82.67973 1314-4049-82-57 DF020A7A4C63518BBE6CC027E3D000E8 Hermatomyces turbinatus G.C. Ren & K.D. Hyde sp. nov. Figure 2 Etymology. Referring to the turbinate shape of the conidia. Holotype. HKAS 112724. Description. Saprobic on woody litter of Dipterocarpus sp. ( Dipterocarpaceae ) Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Colonies on natural substrate forming sporodochial conidiomata, superficial, scattered, small groups, circular or oval, sterile mycelial outer zone enclosing a black-brown velvety margin, sparse, black sporulating center, shiny, glistening, circular or oval, conidia readily liberated when agitated. Mycelium superficial, branched, septate, hyaline to pale brown, 2-3 μm wide. Conidiophores 6-8 x 2-3 μm , micronematous, straight or flexuous, smooth, short, pale brown. Conidiogenous cells 3-5 x 2-3 μm , monoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate, often arising directly on the superficial mycelium, subsphaerical, ovoid or ampulliform, hyaline to pale brown, smooth finely verruculose. Conidia dimorphic, solitary, smooth-walled. Lenticular conidia 24-30 x 17-21 μm (x = 27 x 20 μm , n = 20), 12-15 μm thick, thick-walled, circular to oval in front view, smooth, solitary, muriform, central cells dark brown to black, peripheral cells hyaline to pale brown, forming a weakly ring, sometimes slightly constricted at septa, obovoid or oblong in lateral view, arranged in 2 rows, a row of composed of 4-6 cells, end cells pale brown to hyaline, middle cells dark brown. Turbinate conidia turbinate, pyriform, 27-36 μm in length, 19-28 µm wide in broadest part of lower cells, (x = 32 x 23 μm , n = 20), asymmetrical with the upper cells smaller than lower cells, thick-walled, smooth, septate, constricted distinct at septa, consisting of two columns with two septa composed of 2-3 rectangular to globose cells in each column, usually upper part of terminal cells dark brown, becoming hyaline towards the lower side, two cells hyaline in the lower cells swollen with oil globules. Figure 2. Hermatomyces turbinatus (HKAS 112724, holotype) a, b sporodochia on natural substrate c vertical section of sporodochium d conidiophores and conidiogenous cells e-h turbinate conidia i turbinate and mature lenticular conidia j-m mature lenticular conidia n germinated conidium o, p culture characters on PDA. Scale bars: 30 μm ( c ); 20 μm ( d-n ); 30 mm ( o, p ). Known host and distribution. Dipterocarpus sp. (Thailand). Culture characteristics. Colonies on PDA , reaching 30-40 mm diam., after 3 weeks at 25-30 °C, circular, convex with papillate and radially furrowed at the center, rough, labate, crenate edge, fluffy, dense, gray black, in reverse darkens at the center, pale brown to gray at edge. Material examined. Thailand , Tak Province . Ban Na Sam Ngao District , on woody litter of Dipterocarpus sp. ( Dipterocarpaceae ), 22 August 2019 , G. C. Ren , TSY04 (HKAS 112724, holotype ), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 21-0038 . Notes. Hermatomyces turbinatus is introduced as a new species based on its distinct morphology, which is supported by phylogenetic analyses. In the phylogenetic analyses, H. turbinatus is distinct from extant species in this genus and formed a sister clade to H. nabanheensis with strong support (94% ML, 91% MP, 1.00 PP; Fig. 1 ). Hermatomyces turbinatus differs from H. nabanheensis in having turbinate conidia with two columns, while H. nabanheensis has cylindrical conidia with one or two columns. Hermatomyces turbinatus has two conidial types, and its lenticular conidia are similar to H. tectonae in shape and size. However, the turbinate conidia of H. turbinatus have 2 columns of 2-3 cells in each column, while the turbinate conidia of H. tectonae have 2 columns of 3 cells in each column. We also compared the morphological characters of H. turbinatus to other species of Hermatomyces (Table 2 ). Despite no molecular data being available for the three species viz. H. dimorphus , H. uniseriatus and H. truncates , H. turbinatus nonetheless differs from these species in conidial characteristics (Table 2 ). Table 2. Synopsis of the morphological characteristics of Hermatomyces species.
Species Lenticular conidia size (μm) Cylindrical / turbinate conidia feature Host Country Reference
Shape Length x width (μm) Number of columns (cells)
Hermatomyces amphisporus 27-36(-38) x 18-29(-31) Cylindrical, pyriform or turbinate 30-38 x 20-26 2(-4) (6-12 cells) Cyathea sp., Sabal minor Mexico, USA Castaneda-Ruiz and Heredia (2000) ; Delgado et al. (2020)
H. bauhiniae 25-36 x 15-20 Cylindrical 20-28 x 8-11 1 (2-3-septate) Bauhinia variegata Thailand Hyde et al. (2019)
H. biconisporus 28-34 x 15-25 Cylindrical 32-39 x 14.5-26 1-2 (3-4 cells) Pandanus sp. China Tibpromma et al. (2018)
H. bifurcatus (24-)30-36.5(-41) x (18-)21.5-26(-28) Cylindrical Apex: 7-16 x 7-12 Basal: 9-14 x 13-18.5 2 (2-3 cells) Unknown Panama Koukol et al. (2018)
H. chromolaenae 9.2-10.4 x 10.2-11.5 NA NA NA Chromolaena odorata Thailand Tibpromma et al. (2017)
H. clematidis 30-45 x 24-31 Cylindrical 29-35 x 12-14 1-2 (5-6 cells) Clematis sikkimensis Thailand Phukhamsakda et al. (2020)
H. constrictus (22-)25.5-29.5(-32) x 19-23.5(-27.5) Cylindrical Lower cells: (20-)24-30.5(-37) x 12-17 Upper cells: (16-)20-26(-30) x 8-14 1 (2 cells) Bauhinia cumanensis Panama Koukol et al. (2018)
H. dimorphus 35-55 x 15-20 Cylindrical 15-40 x 10-15 4 (7 cells) Unknown India Rao and de Hoog (1986)
H. indicus 18-30 x 11.5-19 Turbinate 22.4-35.4 x 11.4-21.6 2 (6-7 cells) Phoenix rupicola India Prasher and Prasher (2014)
H. iriomotensis 30-36 x 20-27 Cylindrical 20.5-33 x 7-12.5 1-2 (3-7 cells) Unknown Japan Hashimoto et al. (2017)
H. jinghaensis 30-40 x 25-30 Clavate, subcylindrical 33-43 x 11-13 1-2 (6-8 cells) Unknown China This study
H. krabiensis 24.3-32.5 x 12.1-21.3 Cylindrical 20.4-26.4 x 8.6-19.7 1-2 (2-3 cells) Pandanus odorifer Thailand Tibpromma et al. (2016)
H. megasporus (45-)49-56(-59) x (31-)37-46 Cylindrical (37-)49.5-60.5(67-) x 18-28(-32) 2 ((5-)6-7(-10) cells) Unknown Panama Koukol et al. (2018)
H. nabanheensis 20.2-25.1 x 16.6-20.7 Cylindrical 15.3-26.8 x 12.1-18.2 1-2 (2-3 cells) Pandanus sp. China Hyde et al. (2017)
H. pandanicola 12-15.7 x 20-30.1 Cylindrical 13.2-20.6 x 8.9-11.9 2 (2 cells) Pandanus odorifer Thailand Tibpromma et al. (2016)
H. reticulatus 3-40(-45) x 25-34(-41) NA NA NA Unknown Thailand, Panama Hyde et al. (2016) ; Koukol et al. (2018)
H. saikhuensis 14.2-21.4 x 11.2-19.3 NA NA NA Pandanus odorifer Thailand Tibpromma et al. (2016)
H. sphaericoides (20.5-)24.5-28(-31) x (20-)23-26(-29) NA NA NA Unknown Panama Koukol et al. (2018)
H. sphaericus (PMA 116080) (21-)24-29(-32.5) x (18-)21-27(-31.5) NA NA NA Various host plants Tropical or subtropical Koukol et al. (2018)
H. sphaericus 27-29 x 26-28 NA NA NA Dipterocarpus sp., Ehretia acuminata China, Thailand This study
H. tectonae (23-)26-29(-33) x (19-)23-25(-28) Cylindrical (27-)31-32(-35) x (21-)23 2 (6 cells) Tectona grandis Thailand Doilom et al. (2017)
H. trangensis 27.5-35 x 25-32.5 NA NA NA Arenga pinnata Thailand Nuankaew et al. (2019)
H. truncates (26-)31.5-36.5(-37) x 22-27(-30) Cylindrical Lower cells: 14-22.5(-28) x 8.5-14.5 1 (2-3 cells) Averrhoa carambola Ghana, Panama Koukol et al. (2019)
Upper cells: 12-18(-30) x (6-)8-12.5
H. tucumanensis (22-)27-35 x 18-25 Obclavate or subcylindrical (21-)23-26(-28.5) x 7-14 2 (3-6 cells) Unknown Panama Koukol et al. (2018)
H. turbinatus 24-30 x 17-21 Turbinate 27-36 x 19-28 2 (2-3 cells) Dipterocarpus sp. Thailand This study
H. uniseriatus 27-36 x 15.5-24 Cylindrical 19-34 x 10-12.5 1 (3-4 cells) Smilax campestris Argentina Leao-Ferreira et al. (2013)
H. verrucosus 23-30(-39) x 21-29.5 NA NA NA Unknown Panama Koukol et al. (2018)
NA: absent