Taxonomy of Epyris Westwood (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea, with the descriptions of ten new species Author Lim, Jongok Author Lee, Jongwook Author Koh, Sanghyun Author Lee, Bongwoo Author Azevedo, Celso O. Author Lee, Seunghwan text Zootaxa 2011 2866 1 38 journal article 10.5281/zenodo.277431 7b1e0f87-7063-4230-840a-2a8b1afe14a0 1175-5326 277431 5. Epyris fuscipes (Kieffer 1906) , comb. nov. ( Figs 38–55 ) Rhabdepyris fuscipes Kieffer & Marshall 1906: 378 , 3. Material examined . Holotype 3, [ Italy ], M[onte-] Frontero, 15.VIII. [1]903, 534 [ MCSN ]. 10 3, Korea : Mt. Suraksan, Sanggye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, MT, 7.IX–6.X.2007 , J. Lim leg.; 2 3, same locality as holotype , MT, 18.VII–24.VIII.2007 , J. Lim leg.; 6 3, ditto , MT, 37°40'45"N , 127°05'28"E , 230 m , 24.VIII–6.IX.2007 , J. Lim leg.; 2 3, Goyang-dong, Deokyang-gu, Goyang-si, GG, MT, 23.VII–24.VIII.2007 , J. Lim leg.; 4 3, Gwanak Arboretum, Anyang-dong, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, GG, MT, 37°25'6"N , 126°56'50"E , 140 m , 31.VIII–14.IX.2007 , J. Lim leg.; 5 3, ditto , 37°25'25.2"N , 126°56'59.6"E , 148 m , 26.VII–7.VIII.2008 , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, ditto , 25.IX– 15.X.2008 , J. Lim leg.; 5 3, Mt. Taehwasan, Sanglim-ri, Docheok-myeon, Gwangju-si, GG, MT, 37°18'5.3"N , 127°19'1.5"E , 219 m , 20.VII–31.VIII.2007 . J. Lim leg.; 1 3, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, GG, MT, 37°19'56.8"N , 127°02'37.8"E , 214 m , 8.VIII–5.IX.2008 , J. Lim leg.; 6 3, ditto , 37°19'53.8"N , 127°02'38.1"E , 231 m , 27.VII–7.VIII.2008 , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, Jinae-ri, Dong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, GW, MT, 25.VII–1.VIII.2005 , S. Jang leg.; 1 3, Cheongyangri-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, MT, 8–15.VIII.2005 , D. Lyu leg.; 1 3, ditto , 12– 20.IX.2005 , D. Lyu leg.; 13, ditto , 20–26.IX.2005 , D. Lyu leg.; 1 3, Yangji-ri, Onam-myeon, Namyangju-si, GG, MT, 19.VIII–6.IX.2006 , S. Park leg.; 1 3, Miwon-ri, Miwon-myeon, Cheongwon-gun, CB, MT, 23–30.IX.2005 , J. Han leg.; 1 3, Donam-ri, Banpo-myeon, Gongju-si, CN, MT, 23–29.VII.2007 , Y . Kim leg.; 1 3, ditto , 8– 14.IX.2007 , Y . Kim leg.; 3 3, Maseong-ri, Yongin-si, GG, MT, 7–28.IX.2007 , S. Park leg.; 2 3, Hanseo University, Daegok-ri, Haemi-myeon, Seosan-si, CN, MT, 36°41'30"N , 126°34'50"E , 1–17, 17–29.IX.2009 , J. Lee leg.; 2 3, Korea National Arboretum, Soheul-eub, Pocheon-si, GG, 27.VIII , 5.X.2009 , B. Byun leg.; 23, Suwon Arboretum, Seodun-dong, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, GG, MT, 37°15'45.2"N , 126°59'00.2"E , 45 m , J. Lim leg.; 2 3, ditto , 37°15'38.3"N , 126°59'01.0"E , 42 m , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, Mt. Yongmunsan, Yeonsu-ri, Yongmun-myeon, Yangpyeonggun, GG, MT, 37°43'15.0"N , 127°29'18.9"E , 168 m , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, ditto , 37°31'49.5"N , 127°34'18.8"E , 324 m , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, Mt. Homyeongsan, Goseong-ri, Cheongpyeong-myeon, Gapyeong-gun, GG, MT, 37°43'15.0"N , 127°29'18.9"E , 168 m , J. Lim leg.; 2 3, ditto , 19.IX–15.X.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 13, ditto , 31.VII–17.VIII.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, ditto , 37°43'16.3"N , 127°29'23.4"E , 220 m , 5–18.IX.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 3 3, ditto , 19.IX–15.X.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 13, Mt. Ungilsan, Songchon-ri, Choan-myeon, Namyangju-si, GG, MT, 37°34'43.2"N , 127°18'40.1"E , 99 m , J. Lim leg.; 1 3, ditto , 31.VII–17.VIII.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 13, ditto , 5–18.IX.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 14 3, ditto , 19.IX–15.X.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 23, ditto , 37°34'43.3"N , 127°18'37.5"E , 134 m , J. Lim leg.; 2 3, ditto , 5– 18.IX.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 2 3, ditto , 16.X–18.XI.2009 , J. Lim leg.; 7 3, ditto , 19.IX–15.X.2009 , J. Lim leg. 1 Ƥ, Mt. Taehwasan, Sanglim-ri, Docheog-myeon, Gwangju-si, GG, 26.VI–4.VII.2007 , MT, leg. J. Lim; 1 Ƥ, Mt. Suraksan, Sanggye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, MT, 7.IX–6.X.2007 , J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 28.VI–14.VII.2008 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 31.V–13.VI.2008 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 3 Ƥ, ditto , 5–19.VII.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, Mt. Gwanggyosan, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, GG, 14–27.VI.2008 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, Mt. Suraksan, Sanggye-dong, Noweon-gu, Seoul, 18.VII–24.VIII.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 2 Ƥ, ditto , 24.VIII–6.IX.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 7.IX–6.X.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, Goyang-dong, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, GG, 11–23.VII.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 2 Ƥ, ditto , 23.VII–24.VIII.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 2 Ƥ, ditto , 7.IX–6.X.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 3 Ƥ, Jinae-ri, Dong-myeon, Chuncheon-si, GW, 20–27.IX.2005 , MT, S. Jang leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 2–10.VII.2005 , MT, S. Jang leg.; 3 Ƥ, Gwanak Arboretum, Anyang-dong, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, GG, 14–27.VI.2008 . MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 15.IX– 25.X.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 15–25.VII.2008 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 3 Ƥ, ditto , 26.VI–4.VII.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 3 Ƥ, ditto , 28.VI–14.VII.2008 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 2 Ƥ, same locality as the former, 31.V–13.VI.2008 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 9–24.VI.2007 , MT, J. Lim leg.; 1 Ƥ, Yangji-ri, Onam-myeon, Namyangju-si, GG, 10– 17.IX.2006 , MT, D. Lyu leg.; 1 Ƥ, Yongjusa, Annyeong-ri, Taean-eub, Hwaseong-si, GG, 3–10.VII.2006 , MT, Y . Kwon leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 4–11.X.2007 , MT, Y . Kwon leg.; 1 Ƥ, ditto , 1–8.VIII.2007 , MT, Y . Kwon leg. Redescription (based on Korean material). MALE. Body length 3.4 mm ( Fig. 38 ); LFW 2.5 mm ( Fig. 43 ). Color. Body black; mandible and palpi dark castaneous; clypeus and antenna black; fore wing strongly subhyaline, wing veins dark castaneous, legs dark castaneous except trochanter, tibia and tarsi castaneous, Head ( Figs 39–41 ). 1.0 × as long as wide. Vertex convex with corner rounded ( Fig. 39 ). Temple profile very divergent anterad. Mandible with five teeth, upper four teeth short and small, lowest tooth most large and sharpened. Clypeus with angulate median lobe ( Fig. 40 ). First five antennal segments in ratio of 2.2: 1.0: 1.4: 1.5: 1.7 in length; from scape to flagellomere 3 and 11 2.6, 1.3, 1.9, 1.8, 1.9 and 3.0 × as long as wide respectively ( Fig. 41 ). Frons coriaceous, with sparse punctures, each puncture separated from each other by 2.0–4.0 × as its maximum diameter. Eye 0.33 mm long with short, erect hairs. HE 1.1 × OOL, WF 2.4 × WOT. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle slightly obtuse, POL 1.3 × AOL. OOL 1.5 × WOT ( Fig. 39 ). Mesosoma ( Fig. 42–44 ). Pronotal disc 0.6 × as long as wide, coriaceous with sparse, shallow punctures, each puncture separated from each other by 3.0–4.0 × as its maximum diameter, dorso-lateral corner forming obtuse angle ( Fig. 42 ). Mesoscutum coriaceous with sparse punctures. Notauli slightly narrowing and divergent anterad. Parapsidal furrows narrow and divergent anterad. Scutellum coriaceous with sparse punctures, scutellar pit subrectangular, 1.8 × as wide as long, each pit separated from each other by narrow septum. Mesopleuron coriaceous with oval fovea in central area, margin with groove. Propodeal disc 0.9 × as long as wide, lateral margin parallel, median carina reaching posterior carina, submedian area with irregular rugae, submedian discal carinae almost reaching posterior carina, sublateral area with strong transverse rugae, sublateral carinae present, lateral area with transverse rugae; longitudinal median carina of declivity present, lateral surface of propodeum coriaceous ( Fig. 44 ). Fore wing with long metacarpus, 1.2 × as long as pterostigma; transverse-median vein slightly arched ( Fig. 43 ). Metasoma ( Fig. 45 ). Petiolate and smooth. Terga 1–3 smooth with few short hairs, terga 4–7 smooth with distal sparse long hair. Hypopygium wider than long with concave basal margin and median long stalk; apical margin rounded with distal long hairs. Genitalia ( Figs 46, 47 ). Paramere broaden and entirely sclerotized with apical long hairs. Basiparamere as long as paramere. Cuspis with sclerotized apex and divided into two apical narrow lobes. Digitus apex not surpassing cuspis apex. Aedeagus bottle-shaped with median part rounded laterally and apical half cylindrical, apex not surpassing cuspis apex; apodeme with base directed outward; basal margin straight. FEMALE (hitherto unknown). Body length 4.1 mm ( Fig. 48 ); LFW 2.5 mm ( Fig. 50 ). Color . Head and mesosoma black, metasoma dark castaneous; mandible dark castaneous, antenna castaneous except basal three fourths of scape black; fore wing subhyaline, vein castaneous; leg dark castaneous except trochanter, tibia and tarsi light castaneous. Head ( Figs 49–52 ). 1.2 × as long as wide. Vertex badly convex with corners broadly rounded. Temple profile divergent anterad. Frons coriaceous, punctures small and shallow, each puncture separated from each other by 1.5– 3.0 × as its maximum diameter ( Fig. 51 ). Mandible with five teeth, upper four teeth equally small, lowest tooth most large and sharpened. Apical margin of clypeus broadly angulate ( Fig. 52 ). First five antennal segments in ratio of 4.3:1.0:1.1:1.2: 1.1 in length; from scape to 3 and 11 3.9, 1.1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.0, 2.0 × as long as wide respectively ( Fig. 49 ). Eye 0.30 mm long with erect hairs, HE 1.0 × OOL, WF 2.6 × WOT. Frontal angle of ocellar triangle right, POL 1.1 × AOL, OOL 1.8 × WOT ( Fig. 51 ). Mesosoma ( Figs 50, 54, 55 ). Pronotum strongly coriaceous, 0.6 × as long as wide, anterior corners round angle, coriaceous and punctate with more shallow punctures than head. Mesoscutum coriaceous, punctate as pronotum. Notauli narrow, divergent anterad. Parapsidal furrows divergent anterad. Scutellar pits subrectangular without distinct median septum; each pit separated from each other 2.0 × as wide as long with five short, longitudinal carinae ( Fig. 54 ). Propodeal disc 0.8 × as long as wide with lateral margin parallel in dorsal view; median, submedian and sublateral carinae present with weak submedian carina reaching half of disc, median area rugulose to strigate coarsely, sublateral area strigate strongly, lateral area scrobiculate; propodeal declivity with median longitudinal carina ( Fig. 55 ). Fore wing without metacarpus; transverse-median vein slightly arched ( Fig. 50 ). Metasoma ( Fig. 53 ). Petiolate and polished. Terga 1–3 smooth without fine punctures, anterior half of following terga coriaceous. FIGURES 38–47. Epyris fuscipes (male). 38. Habitus; 39. Head; 40. Mandible and clypeus; 41. Antenna; 42. Pronotum and mesonotum; 43. Fore wing; 44. Propodeum; 45. Metasoma; 46. Genitalia, ventral view; 47. Hypopygium. Scale bar: 0.10 mm for 46, 47; 0.20 mm for 39, 40, 42, 44; 0.50 mm for 41, 43, 45; 1.00 mm for 38. FIGURES 48–55. Epyris fuscipes (female). 48. Habitus; 49. Antenna; 50. Fore wing; 51. Head; 52. Mandible and clypeus; 53. Metasoma; 54. Pronotum and mesonotum; 55. Propodeum. Scale bar: 0.20 mm for 49, 51, 52, 54, 55; 0.50 mm for 48, 50, 53. Distribution. Italy , Korea (Seoul, GG, GW, CN). Remarks . Since the original description of this species by Kieffer (1906) from Italy , no more information was added. Kieffer (1906) considered as Rhabdepyris Kieffer because he interpretated the scutellar pits are separated from each other by a low median trabeculate, as a wide groove. This is one pattern of scutellar pit variation of Epyris , and because of that we transfer Rhabdepyris fuscipes to Epyris . This species are recorded for the first time from Korea in spite that distribution has a large gap between Italy and Korea . It is one of the most abundant species of Epyris in Korea with more than 130 identified specimens, this gap can be explained by absence of collection data. The male and female mophologically differ from each other by ratio of head, by ratio of each antennal segment, by status of metacarpus. However, these characters are common sexual dimorphism in genus Epyris as in the case of E. yamatonis Terayama. We regard male and female as an opposite sexes of one species because they have common such characters as mandible with five teeth, upper four teeth minute and lowest tooth long and sharpended, clypeus well developed apically with obtuse angle, same sculptures and carinae on propodeal disc. In comparison with the holotype , the specimens from Korea have texture stronger, wings more colorful.