Studies in the Cnemeplatiini I: A New Subtribe and Revision of the Genus Alaudes Horn (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae: Cnemeplatiini), with Descriptions of New Species from the Southwestern USA and Mexico, Including Notes on Distribution and Biology Author Aalbu, Rolf L. Author Caterino, Michael S. Author Smith, Aaron D. text The Coleopterists Bulletin 2018 2018-06-20 72 2 249 268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-72.2.249 journal article 10.1649/0010-065X-72.2.249 1938-4394 5381668 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4D0F5351-E16A-4031-B8F5-6846C4A4FF25 Alaudes alternata Fall, 1928 ( Figs. 9E–F , 10 , 11C ) Diagnosis. Elytral vestiture erect, always much longer than twice width, feebly clavate except along the side margins, where these alternate with long, slender setae. Male genitalia unknown. Material Examined. (Two specimens from three localities) – CALIFORNIA : Los Angeles Co. : Pomona , II-25-1895 , Hubbard & Schwartz (1) USNM ; same data except II-18-1895 (1) OSUC . Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Pomona in Los Angeles County, California . Collection Data. None. Elevation range approximately 300 m . Alaudes setigera Blaisdell, 1919 ( Figs. 2B , 9C–D , 10 , 11A ) Diagnosis. Lateral aspect of pronotum with short, clavate setae ( Fig. 9D ). Elytral setae slender and hair-like throughout, occasionally varying to feebly clavate-lanceolate, especially toward the sides and apex ( Fig. 9C ); setae uniform in length, vestiture always much longer than twice width, length of longest setae equal to or shorter than apical two antennomeres combined; punctures deep, well defined, distance between punctures about equal to size of puncture. Parameres ( Fig. 2B ) longer than basal piece; basal piece slightly broader than parameres, curved basally. Parameres gradually curved basally. Material Examined. ( 503 specimens from 70 localities) – ARIZONA : no data, F. Pusa colln. (1) FMNH ; Santa Cruz Co.: Washington Camp, K. Stephan (12) FSCA ; CALIFORNIA : Fresno Co.: 7 mi. W Kerman, II-9 to IX-19-1979 , Ethylene Glycol Pit Trap, A. J. Gilbert (1) CDFA ; 8 mi. NNW Coalinga in Los Gatos canyon, V-3 to VIII-7-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Pit Trap, R. L. Aalbu (1) CISC ; San Joaquin River Gorge, 37°05′46″ N , 119°32′06″ W , 345m , V-12-2012 , Berlese Leaf Litter, K. Will (1) CISC ; Inyo Co.: 2 mi. N, 2 mi. W Lone Pine, Alabama Hills, 4400’, III-31 to X-11-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (1) RLAC ; 4 mi. N, 4 mi. E Big Pine, White Mts., 5000’, II-27 to VIII-28-1984 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (10) CDFA ; same locality except V-7 to XI-3-1983 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (1) RLAC ; same locality except VI-11 to X-1-1985 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (10) CDFA ; same locality except VIII-28-1984 to VI-11-1985 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; same locality except X-1-1985 to VI-28-1986 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; 5 mi. N, 2 mi. W Bishop, 4500’, V-12 to IX-19-1982 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; 6 mi. S, 4 mi. E Oasis Fish Lake Valley, 5200’, IV-8 to VI-25-1982 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CISC ; same locality except VI-24 to VIII-8-1982 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CISC ; Death Vly. Nat. Mon. Daylight Pass, 7063’, III-14- 1979 to VIII-15-1981 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (4) CDFA ; Inyo Mts., Lead Canyon, 6000’, VIII-13 to XII-21-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap sage brush, canyon bottom, D. Giuliani (7) CDFA ; same locality except III-9 to VIII-13-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (2) RLAC ; same locality except III-9 to VIII-13-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (2) RLAC ; Lower Lead Canyon, 6000’, IV-4 to IX-12-1980 , Antifreeze Pit Trap sage brush, canyon bottom, D. Giuliani (2) CDFA ; Inyo Mts., Whippoorwill Cyn., 6200’ V-25-1983 to VI-11-1984 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; Inyo Mts., Willow Springs Cyn., 1.5 mi. N, 6.5 mi. E Independence, 4600’, XII-6-1984 to XII-20-1986 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; Saline Range, 7063’, III-14-1979 to VIII-15-1981 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (5) CDFA ; same locality except III-14- 1979 to V-2-1983 , antifreeze pit trap, D. Giuliani (1) CISC ; White Mts., 4 mi. N, 4 mi. E Big Pine, 5000’ II-27 to VIII-28-1984 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; same locality except VI-11 to X- 1-1985 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; Kern Co.: 1 mi. S McKittrick, V-3 to VIII-7-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Can Trap, R. L. Aalbu (2) RLAC ; 2 mi. W Devil’ s Den III-19-1975 , J. Doyen (12) CISC ; 3 mi. E Glenville, Alta Sierra Camp, III-2- 1979 , berlese oak litter, A. J. Gilbert (1) CDFA ; 7 mi. W Buttonwillow, III-13 to IX-6-1979 , Ethylene Glycol Pit Trap, A. J. Gilbert & D. Poore (1) CDFA ; 8 mi. NNW Coalinga in Los Gatos canyon, V-3 to VIII-7-1981 , Ethylene Glycol Can Trap, on sand under cliffs with swallow nests, R. L. Aalbu (3) RLAC ; Boron, VI-26-1987 to XI-28-1988 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, J. McLaughlin (1) CDFA ; China Lake, lower dunes, 8 mi. N, 3 mi. Ridgecrest, 2200’, IV-13 to VI-29-1982 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, D. Giuliani (1) RLAC ; Sequoia NF, Black Gulch, 35.5312°N , 118.6635°W , II-27-2004 , Quercus / Pinus litter, M. Caterino (1) SBMN ; Kings Co.: 4.8 mi. W Kettleman City, VI-13-1970 , pit trap, Fred G. Andrews & M. S. Wasbauer (8) CDFA ; 1 mi. S Kettleman City, IV-4 to V-9-1979 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, A. J. Gilbert & L. Bookout (3) CDFA ; Los Angeles Co.: Pasadena (4) CASC ; same data except (4) CUIC ; same data except H. C. Fall (1) FMNH ; same data except (2) CASC ; same data except I-25- 1917 (1) CASC ; same data except J. O. Martin (8) CASC ; same data except III (1) CASC ; same data except III-14-1917 (1) CASC ; same data except III- 5-1915 , near but not setigera det H. B. Leech 63’ (1) CASC ; Madera Co.: Exp. Rge. 21 mi. NE Madera, I-25-1974 , D. J. Burdick (1) CASC ; same locality except III-14-1974 , D. J. Burdick (2) TAMU ; same data except (3) CASC ; same locality except IV-31- 1974 (1) CASC ; same locality except XI-30-1973 (5) CASC ; San Joaquin Exp. Sta., XII-11-1974 , C. Burdick (1) CASC ; San Joaquin Experimental Range USDA, XI-30-1973 , D. J. Burdick (1) CASC ; Merced Co.: Los Banos Creek, 400’, IV-1 to V-18-1987 , Antifreeze Pit Trap N side creek, D. Giuliani (8) CDFA ; Mono Co.: 9 mi. N Bishop, Fish Slough, 4200’, V-12 to XII-20-1982 , Ethylene Glycol Pit Trap, sand dune, D. Giuliani (2) CDFA ; same locality except V-9 to VIII-9-1987 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, sand dune, D. Giuliani (2) CDFA ; White Mts., Coldwater Canyon, V-21 to XI-15-1983 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA ; Riverside Co.: 0.5 mi. SE Aguanga, 2000’, I-7-1979 to XII-23-80, Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap rocky hillside, Chaparral Scrub, R. L. Aalbu (16) RLAC ; 2 mi. NW Gilman Hot Springs, II-III-1980, Antifreeze Pit Trap, F. Andrews (5) CDFA ; same locality except V-1 to VIII-9-1981 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, R. L. Aalbu (1) CASC ; same data except (16) CISC ; Gilman Hot Springs, V-3/ VIII-7-1981 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, R. L. Aalbu (1) CDFA ; Box Springs, VI- 11-1979 , B. & E. McKay (1) CDFA ; Lamb Cyn., 2 mi. NW Gilman Hot Springs, V-18-1978 to XI-13- 1979 , Antifreeze Pit Traps, F. Andrews (10) CDFA ; same locality except 1520’, V-4-87 to III-7-88, Ethylene Glycol can trap, R. L. Aalbu (1) RLAC ; same data except Ethylene Glycol Pit Trap, F. Andrews & K. Cooper (5) CDFA ; same data except 1520’, III-4-1979 to XII-23-1980 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap hillside coastal sage scrub, R. L. Aalbu (5) CDFA ; same data except (31) RLAC ; same data except at base of Opuntia parryi (42) RLAC ; same locality except III-7/ XI-27-1888 , Ethylene Glycol Can Trap at base of Opuntia parryi , R. L. Aalbu (13) CDFA ; Prado Dam, V-4-1963 , Berlese oak duff, I. M. Newell (1) CDFA ; San Benito Co.: 1.8 mi. SW Idria, III-25 to VI-8-1981 , Antifreeze Pit Trap under Manzanita, A. J. Gilbert & N. Smith (2) CISC ; 15 mi. S New Idria, II-1983 to II-1984 , Antifreeze Pit Trap, A. J. Gilbert & N. Smith (1) CDFA ; 8.2 mi. W Panoche, Panoche Valley, 1979, A. J. Gilbert (6) RLAC ; San Bernardino Co.: 49 Palm Oasis, 2800’, X-25-75 to II-14-1976 , Ethylene Glycol Can Trap: Union Carbide, trap 13, R. L. Aalbu (1) RLAC ; San Diego Co.: 1 mi. W. Warner’ s Ranch, 2700’, I-7- 1979 to XII-23-80, Ethylene Glycol Can Trap Oak-Manzanita, oak litter, rocky area, R. L. Aalbu (3) CASC ; same data except (4) RLAC ; 9 mi. S Pine Valley, XII-19-1965 , N. Ueshima & P. Rubzoff (1) CNCI ; Tulare Co.: Ducor, XII-16-1954 , R. P. Allen (1) CDFA ; Kaweah Power Sta., XI-16-1971 , berlese oak duff, F. Andrews (1) CDFA ; Kingsburg, I-30- 1936 , Ephestia soil hibernac, H. C. Donahoe (1) USNM ; Yolo Co.: 6 mi. N. Rumsey, II-9-1960 , L. M. Smith (1) CNCI . NEVADA : Clark Co.: Hwy 167 W Jct. Rt. 2, 36°26’17"N , 114°24’43"W , 430m , VIII-18-2008 , pitfall GYP5sh, Suazo & Ibarra (1) UCRC ; Lyon Co.: Fort Churchill State Historic Park, 39°17’N , 119°16’W , 1280m , VII-9-2000 , under log, sagebrush-riparian, ex Crematogaster lespera nest, P. S. Ward (1) RLAC ; same locality except VII-6-2000 , under stone, sagebrush-riparian, associated with Solenopsis molesta colony, P. S. Ward (1) UCDC . NEW MEXICO : San Juan Co.: Ship Rock, 6500’, III-IX-1985, Antifreeze Pit Trap, D. Giuliani (1) CDFA . MEXICO : BAJA CALIFORNIA : 10.7 km . E El Rosario, 30°05’35"N , 115°38’25"W , 160m , IV-1-1985 to III-2-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (2) CIDA ; 11 km . air ENE El Rosario, 30°04’40"N , 115°36’36"W , 140 m , I-8-1984 to IV- 2-1985 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; 30°04’30"N , 115°37’55"W , 180 m , I-8-1984 to IV-2-1985 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; same locality except II-7-1984 to IV-2-1985 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; same data except Trap #2 (3) CIDA ; same data except Trap #3 (8) CIDA ; same locality except III-21-1986 to XII-18- 1988 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; same locality except III-9- 1991 to VII-18-1991 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Mary H., Karen D. Clark & Jane E Luther (1) CIDA ; same data except Trap #3 (1) CIDA ; same locality except IV-1-1985 to III-2-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (7) CIDA ; same data except Trap #3 (26) CIDA ; same data except Trap #4 (15) CIDA ; same locality except VI-22-1990 to III-9-1991 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. & Ellen M. Clark (1) CIDA ; same data except Trap #3 (1) CIDA ; same locality except VII-18-1991 to V-28-1992 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark, P. E. Blom & D. M. Ward (1) CIDA ; 11.7 km E El Rosario, 30°04’30"N , 115°37’55"W , 180 m , VIII-27-1989 to IV-27-1990 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #3, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; same locality except I-3-1989 to VIII-27-1989 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & Stan Siewert (1) CIDA ; same locality except II-7-1984 to IV-2-1985 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (7) CIDA ; same locality except III-21-1986 to XII-18-1988 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (4) CIDA ; same locality except IV-1-1985 to III-2-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (9) CIDA ; same locality except VI-22-1990 to III-9-1991 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. & Ellen M. Clark (1) CIDA ; same locality except VII-18-1991 to V-28- 1992 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (3) CIDA ; 14.7 km . E El Rosario, 30°04’10"N , 115°36’00"W , 190m , II-7-1984 to IV- 2-1985 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; same locality except IV-1-1985 to III-2-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (4) CIDA ; same locality except 190 m , VII-18-1991 to V-28-1992 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (2) CIDA ; 2 km . E Mission San Fernando, 29°58’N , 115°13’W , 480m , II-7-1996 to III-16- 1997 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark (1) CIDA ; same locality except V-16-1994 to V-1-1995 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & D. M. Ward (1) CIDA ; 8 km NW Santo Tomás, 30°37’N , 116°27’W , 200 m , III-2-1986 to XII-18-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #5a, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) OSUC ; same data except (1) CIDA ; same data except Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #6, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) OSUC ; same locality except IX-4-1982 to I-7-1984 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #5a, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (2) CIDA ; 9.7 km . E El Rosario, 30°05’15"N , 115°39’00"W , 140m , I-3 to VIII-27 1989 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) OSUC ; same data except W. H. Clark & Stan Siewert (1) CIDA ; same locality except IV-1-1985 to III-2-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; same data except Trap #2 (5) CIDA ; same data except Trap (4) OSUC ; same locality except IV-27-1990 to VI-22- 1990 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark & D. M. Ward (1) CIDA ; same locality except VI- 22-1990 to III-9-1991 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. & Ellen M. Clark (1) CIDA ; Arroyo Canada el Aguajito, 30°04’30"N , 115°36’36"W , 140m , IV-1-1985 to III-2-1986 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (3) CIDA ; Arroyo El Sauce, 30°03’N , 115°25’W , 500 m , III- 31-2012 to XI-27-2012 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, D. Ward & A. Gillogly (3) CIDA ; km 91 Arroyo El Sauce, 30°03’N , 115°25’W , 500 m , III-9- 1991 to VII-18-1991 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, W. H. Mary H., Karen D. Clark & Jane E Luther (1) CIDA ; same locality except VII-18-1991 to V-28- 1992 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, W. H. & Ellen M. Clark, P. E. Blom, D. M. Ward (1) CIDA ; same locality except XII-16-2006 to V-17-2007 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, D. Ward & A. Gillogly (13) CIDA ; same data except Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, D. Ward & A. Gillogly (13) CIDA ; km 127, 1.5 km SW Guayaquil, 29°57’N , 115°06’W , 600m , III-10-1991 to VII-3-1991 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, W. H. Mary H., Karen D. Clark & Jane E Luther (1) CIDA ; same locality except III-9-1988 to I-3-1989 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, W. H. Clark & P. E. Blom (1) CIDA ; km 95, 30°03’51.6"N , 115°25’30.2"W , 480 m , XII-13-2007 to IV-26- 2008 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #2, W. H. Clark (1) CIDA ; Mesa Palmarito, 29°47’N , 114°44’W , 800 m , II-19-2011 to IV-5-2012 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #1, W. H. Clark (1) CIDA ; same data except Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap #4, W. H. Clark (6) CIDA ; 1 mi. E Guillermo Prieto, 27°4832"N, 113°1831"W, III-14 to VI-19-1999 , Ethylene Glycol Pitfall Trap, R. Aalbu & F. Pi~ nero (1) RLAC ; SONORA : Nogales, IV-24-1967 , C.H. Spitzer (1) USNM . Fig. 9. Alaudes species. A . singularis : A) Dorsal habitus, B) Lateral habitus; A. setigera : C) Dorsal habitus, D) Lateral habitus. A. alternata : E) Dorsal habitus, F) Lateral habitus. Variation. There is much variation in scale/seta size. In an Arizona series of specimens, the scales are more linear anteriorly and more scaly posteriorly. In a series from San Diego County, California near Warner’ s Springs, specimens have distinctly shorter and vaguely scale-like setae. In Kern County specimens, the basal elytral declivity is shallower and does not extend very far back, the basal pronotal declivity is less abrupt, broader, and not as long, and the setae are much more hair-like and elongate. In addition, the setae of the middle elytral elevation do not extend to the dorsal apex. Distribution. Widespread in central and southern California , western Nevada , southern Arizona , northwestern New Mexico , and northern Sonora and Baja California in Mexico . Collection Data. Some specimens were collected directly with ants in the genera Crematogaster Lund and Pheidole Westwood. Specimens were also berlesed or sifted from duff of manzanita, Ceanothus , oak, and pine. Collected in pitfall traps in the following habitats: Sand Wash- creosote-Paloverde, cheesebush and quail bush area, “in Joshua tree”, “at base of Opuntia parryi [Englmn.]”, “ Ephestia soil hibernac”, “hillside coastal sage scrub”, “Oak- Manzanita”, “Chaparral Scrub”, “sage brush”, “rocky hillside”, “on sand under cliffs with swallow nests”, “ Artemesia tridentata Nutt. ”, “ Atriplex [L.]- Franseria [= Ambrosia L.]”, bigcone Douglas fir, “moss under shrubs”, “ Rhamnus [L.] sp.”. Also found crawling on sand dunes at night. Elevation range 125–2,200 m .