Unraveling the mysteries of Goeldia Keyserling, 1891: revision, description of seven new species and first record from USA (Araneae: Titanoecidae) Author Almeida-Silva, Lina M. Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Cidade Universitária “ Zeferino Vaz ” Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083 - 970 - Campinas, SP, Brazil. Author Brescovit, Antonio D. Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Cidade Universitária “ Zeferino Vaz ” Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083 - 970 - Campinas, SP, Brazil. & Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas-LCZ, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503 - 900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil & Laboratório de Genômica Evolutiva, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Cidade Universitária “ Zeferino Vaz ” Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, 13083 - 970 - Campinas, SP, Brazil. text Zootaxa 2024 2024-03-21 5428 2 151 193 http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.1 journal article 10.11646/zootaxa.5428.2.1 1175-5326 10847364 E438D8DA-B142-4A0C-BA25-F6B6EC45C197 Goeldia luteipes ( Keyserling, 1891 ) ( Figs 14 ; 27 ) Titanoeca luteipes Keyserling, 1891: 156 , pl. 4, fig. 108 ( holotype male from Rio Grande ( 32°2’ 6”S 52°5’56”W ), Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil , deposited at NHM, examined). Calleva paupercula Simon, 1892: 239 ( holotype juv . from Cacheuta ( 33°06’S 69°07’W ), Mendoza , Argentina , deposited at MNHN AR807, examined); Lehtinen 1967 (erroneously placed as syn. of G. obscura ). Syn. nov. Auximus luteipes : Petrunkevitch 1911: 106 . Amaurobius luteipes : Mello-Leitão 1919: 467 , 475; Bonnet 1955: 290 . Amaurobius cothurnatus Mello-Leitão, 1943: 102 , fig. 2 ( holotype male from Córdoba ( 31°25’S 64°11’W ), Argentina , deposited at MLP 15620, examined by photo); Lehtinen 1967 (Syn.). Amaurobius thoracicus Mello-Leitão, 1945: 232 ( holotype juv. from Argentina ( 37°11’0”S , 67°22’0”W ), deposited at MLP 16345, examined). Marusik et al . 2020: 54 (sp. inquirendae). Syn. nov. Goeldia luteipes : Lehtinen 1967: 236 ; Leech 1972: 103 ; World Spider Catalog 2023 . Additional Material Examined . VENEZUELA . Bolivar : Gran Sabana , Parupá ( 5°40’59”N 61°34’59”W ),elev. 1500 m , 2♂ 27.VI–10.VII.1987 , S. J. Peck coll.( AMNH ) . BRAZIL . Amapá : Macapá ( 0°02’18.84”N 51°03’59.10”W ), 1♂ , 2–28.I.2004 , R. A. Da Silva coll. ( MCTP 0106580 ) . Paraíba : João Pessoa , Campus UFPB ( 7°8’22”S 34°50’43”W ), 1♂ , 2005–2006, P. L.F. Duarte coll. ( IBSP 62904 ) . Distrito Federal : Brasília ( 15°47’38”S 47°52’58”W ), 1♂ , 1.XII.2000 , A. J. Santos coll. ( IBSP 37516 ) ; Área da Marinha ( 16°0’55”S 48°0’47”W ), 1♂ , 29–31.X.1999 , G. G. Montingelli coll. ( IBSP 26545 ) ; Reserva Ecológica do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística ( 15°56’41”S 47°53’07”W ), 3♂ , III–IV.2000 , Briani coll. ( IBSP 28384 ) . Minas Gerais : Belo Horizonte, Campus Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ( 19°52’19”S 43°57’58”W ), 1♂ , 3.II.02, E.S.S. Álvares coll. ( IBSP 73185 ) ; Estação Ecológica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais ( 19°52’S 43°58’W ), 3♂ , 27.III.2000 , 14♂ , VII.1999 II.2001 , E.S.S Álvares & E.O. Machado coll. ( IBSP 27234 ‒27235 , 32290 ) ; Jardim Zoológico ( 44°00’32”W 19°51’41”S ), 1♂ , 13.X.2007 , A.J. Santos coll. ( UFMG 1024 ) ; Ouro Preto , Parque Estadual do Itacolomi ( 20°25’45.9”S 43°28’28.7”W ), 1♂ , 3♀ , 2–4.XI.2007 , A.J. Santos et al. coll. ( UFMG 1025 ) ; Santana do Riacho , Parque Nacional Serra do Cipó , Portaria Palácio ( 19°15’S 43°31’W ), 1♂ , 9–11.XII.2001 , E.S.S. Álvares & E.O. Machado coll. ( UFMG 1411 ) ; Santana do Riacho , Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó ( 19°22’1”S 43°32’17”W ), 5♂ , 3♀ , 2003, Equipe Biota coll. ( IBSP 91607 ; 91609; 91611‒91612) ; Uberlândia , Reserva Ecológica do Panga ( 19°11’10”S 48°23’30”W ), 3♂ , IV.2005 II.2006 , M.F. Mineo coll. ( IBSP 97338 , 97340 ) ; Carrancas ( 21°29’16”S 44°38’34”W ), elev. 1200 m , 1♀ , X.2008 , R.A. Zampaulo coll. ( IBSP 124140 ) . Espírito Santo : Vila Velha , APA de Jacarenema ( 20°24’31”S 40°19’35”W ), 1♂ , 12.X.2005 , T. Sousa coll. ( IBSP 133270 ) . Rio de Janeiro : Macaé , Restinga de Macaé ( 22°22’15”S 41°47’13”W ), 23.VII.1975 , L. Moojer coll. ( MNRJ 3216 ) ; Pinheiral ( Currently Pinheiro ) ( 22°30’46”S 44°00’03”W ), 1♂ , ( MNRJ 926 ) ; Nova Iguaçu ( 22°45’37.16”S 43°26’51.82”W ), 1♀ , 1 juv. , Blane coll. ( MNRJ 929 ) . São Paulo : Itirapina , Estação Ecológica de Itirapina ( 22°15’S 47°49’W ), 9♂ , 1 juv. , 4–9.X.2001 , C. Bertin coll. ( IBSP 72122–72124 , 72126–72131 ) ; 3♂ , 2001–2002, Equipe Biota coll. ( IBSP 97315–97317 ) ; 10♂ , 24.III– 06.XII.2000 , G. Machado coll. ( IBSP 91614–91611 , 91622 ) ; Campinas ( 22°54’21”S 47°3’39”W ), 1♂ , 23.X.1993 ( IBSP 26641 ) ; 1♂ , 16.VIII.2006 ( IBSP 79308 ) ; 1♂ , 12.I.1997 ( IBSP 26791 ) ; 1♂ , 15.I.2002 ( IBSP 35150 ) , all collected by A.J. Santos; 1♂ , X.1998 , A.D. Brescovit coll. ( IBSP 20129 ) ; Campus da Universidade Estadual de Campinas ( 22°49’3”S 47°4’11”W ), 1♂ , 1.II.2005 , A.J. Santos coll. ( IBSP 56973 ) ; 1♂ , 18.X.2000 , A.J. Santos coll. ( IBSP 35131 ) ; São Carlos , Campus da Universidade Federal de São Carlos ( 21°58’S 47°51’W ), 2♀ , 1♂ , VIII.2006 , M. Rezende coll. ( IBSP 88008‒88009 ) ; São Paulo , Campus da Universidade de São Paulo ( 23°33’44”S 46°43’39”W ), 1♂ , VIII.1972 , Students ICB-USP coll. ( IBSP 4103 ) ; 1♂ , VIII.2005 , G.R.S. Ruiz coll. ( IBSP 56129 ) ; 1♂ , G.R.S. Ruiz coll. ( IBSP 59539 ) ; 1♂ , 22.IX.2006 , G.R.S. Ruiz coll. ( IBSP 72063 ) ; 1♂ , 25.IV.2000 , A.D Brescovit coll. ( IBSP 27291 ) ; Osasco ( 23°31’58”S 46°47’31”W ), 1♂ , 1♀ , III.1991 , J. Bedana coll. ( IBSP 5049 ) ; Jaboticabal ( 21°15’18”S 48°19’19”W ), 7♂ , III– IV/2004 , F.J. Cividanes coll. ( IBSP 55860 , 55899 , 55887 ) ; Jundiaí , Reserva Natural Municipal Serra do Japi ( 23°14’0”S 46°58’0”W ), 1♂ , III.2007 A.D. Brescovit coll. ( IBSP 78555 ) . Paraná : Ponta Grossa ( 25°05’42”S 50°09’43”W ), 1♂ , 2008, I.M Bortolin coll ( IBSP 145404 ) . Santa Catarina : Rio Negrinho ( 26°15’14”S 49°31’04”W ), 5♂ , 2 juv. , M.A. Nieckel coll. ( IBSP 68721 , I76007) . Rio Grande do Sul : Porto Alegre ( 30°01’58”S 51°13’48”W ), 1♂ , 3.IX.1983 , A.D. Brescovit coll. ( MCN 12664 ) ; Guaíba ( 30°06’50”S 51°19’30”W ), 1♂ , 4.III.1976 , H. Gastal & M.H. Galileo coll. ( MCN 27230 ) ; Bom Jesus ( 28°40’04”S 50°25’01”W ), Fazenda Santa Cruz , 1♀ , 28–30.III.1998 , A.B. Bonaldo coll. ( MCN 29267 ) , Torres ( 29°20’06”S 49°43’37”W ), 1♂ , 29.XII.1980 2.I.1981 , P. Goloboff coll. ( MACN 16121 ) ; Eldorado do Sul ( 29°59’49.7”S 51°18’28.3”W ), 2♂ , 25–30.XI.1995 , G. Carvalho & R. Silva coll ( MCTP 16528 , 12560 ) . BOLIVIA : Cochabamba : Cochabamba ( 17°23’37”S 66°9’25”W ), 1♀ , 1940, J. Vellard coll. ( MACN 16090 ) ; Monte Puncu ( 17°31’59”S 65°13’59”W ), elev. 2700 m , 2♀ , 22.X.1983 , A. Roig. coll. ( MACN 16024 ) . ARGENTINA . Tucumán : Tucumán ( 27°00’S 65°30’W ), 6.25 Km N of Trancas , 1♀ , 13.II.1951 , Ross & Michaelbacher coll. ( CAS 9025978 ) . Santiago del Estero : Moreno , Weisburd ( 27°18’S 62°36’W ), 1♀ , 26.IX.1947 ( MACN 16110 ) . Misiones : Misiones , Santa Maria ( 27°54’00”S 55°23’00”W ), 1♀ , XI–XII.1952 , J. Viana coll ( MACN 16099 ) ; Chaco : Chaco ( 27°27’05”S 58°59’12”W ) 1♀ , 1946, G. Pinedo coll. ( MACN 1735 ) . Córdoba : Córdoba ( 31°25’00”S 64°11’00”W ), 2♀ , ( MNRJ 686 ) ; 1♀ , J. Viana coll. ( MACN 16103 ) ; 12♀ , II.1952 , J. Viana coll. ( MACN 16033 ) ; Copina ( 31°33’S 64°42’W ), 2♀ , 2♂ , XII.1983 , B. R. de Fernandes coll. ( MACN 16047 ) ; Cerro Colorado ( 30°05’49”S 63°55’52”W ), 14.X.1961 , A. de Ferraris coll. ( AMNH ) ; Ambúl ( 31°29’20”S 65°03’18”W ), 2♀ , 5.II.1981 . A. Roig coll. ( MACN 16128 ) ; Calamuchita ( 31°59’00”S 64°22’00”W ), El Souce , 1♀ , XII.1941 , J. Viana coll. ( MACN 2011 ) ; 1♀ , XII.1941 , M. J. Viana coll. ( MACN 161183 ) ; Calamuchita ( 31°59’00”S 64°22’00”W ), 4♀ , 1♂ , I.1955 , ( MACN 16031 ) ; 1♀ , XII.1941 ( MACN 16106 ) ; 2♀ , XII.1941 ( MACN 16104 ) ; 2♀ , III.1957 , ( MACN 16081 ) , all collected by J. M Viana; Cosquín ( 31°14’00”S 64°27’00”W ), Camiño a la Mandinga , 1♂ , 10.IX.1990 , A. Peretti coll. ( MACN 16049 ) ; Alta Gracia ( 31°40’00”S 64°26’00”W ), 3er paredón, 1♂ , XI.1985 , M. E. Galiano & F. Miranda coll. ( MACN 16108 ) ; La Cumbre ( 31°06’00”S 64°28’59”W ), 1♂ , 8.XI.1991 , M. Ramírez coll. ( MACN 16043 ) ; Mendoza : Mendoza , Cacheuta ( 32°53’00”S 68°50’00”W ), 2♀ , 4 juv. ( MNHN 290 ) . San Luis : Villa Elena , Cortaderas ( 32°30’S 65°00’W ), 1♀ , 10.XI.1982 , E. Maury coll. ( MACN 16057 ) ; Villa Elena , 1♂ , X.1971 , J. M. Viana coll. ( MACN 16093 ) . Buenos Aires . Tornquist , Sierra de la Ventana , Abra de la Ventana ( 38°04’00”S 61°58’59”W ), 3♂ , 2♀ , 19.I.1970 , M.E. Galiano coll. ( MACN 16208 ) ; Sierra de la Ventana ( 38°09’S 61°48’W ), Cerro Negro , 1♀ , 12.IV.1974 , C. Cesari coll. ( MACN 16135 ) ; Tigre ( 34°25’00”S 58°35’00”W ), 1♀ , 1955, J.M. Viana coll. ( MACN 16105 ) . URUGUAY . Canelones : Marindia ( 34°46’29”S 55°49’13”W ), 3♂ , 16.I.1997 , Costa coll. ( FCEN ) ; Villa Argentina ( 34°46’00”S 55°47’00”W ), 1♂ , 8.II.1970 , R. Capocasale coll. ( CAS 9025953 ) . Diagnosis . Goeldia luteipes differs from other species of the genus by the narrow, long, and triangular tegular process ( Fig. 14A ) and by the strongly bent tibia in the male palp ( Fig. 14B–C ), and by the black or dark brown color of the proximal half portion of the femora. Females of G. luteipes have a wide epigynum that covers the copulatory opening area ventrally ( Fig. 14E ); and copulatory ducts converging anteriorly ( Fig. 14F ). Description . Male (IBSP 26545). Coloration: Carapace orange with cephalic area black; palp black; apex of coxa, trochanter, and proximal half of femora black; other leg segments and distal half of femora pale yellow except in leg IV where apex of patella to tarsus black. Opisthosoma black. Total length: 5.64. Carapace: length 2.6, width 1.84, height 1.18. Opisthosoma: length 3.04; width 1.28. Clypeus: height 0.22. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08; ALE 0.11; PME 0.95; PLE 0.08; AME–AME 0.13; AME–ALE 0.10; ALE–PLE 0.04; PLE–PME 0.19; PME–PME 0.14; AME–PME 0.11. Chelicerae paturon: length 1.41. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.1/ patella 0.72/ tibia 2.02/ metatarsus 1.94/ tarsus 0.92/ total 7.45; II: 1.68/ 0.725/ 1.64/ 2.14/ 0.93/ 7.11; III: 1.76/ 0.72/ 1.5/ 1.4/ 0.63/ 6.01; IV: 2.26/ 0.8/ 2.22/ 1.84/ 0.78/ 7.9. Leg formula: 4123. Leg spination: femur I p1ap, II p1ap; tibia II v1r-2(1r-1p), p1ap, r1ap; III v1-2 or v2sa; r1ap; p1-1ap; IV v1-1-2 or v0-1p-2, p0-1-1ap, r0-0-1ap; metatarsus I v2-1p-2(1r-1p)-2ap or v2-2(1r-1p)-2(1r-1p)- 1m , r1ap, p1ap; II v2-2(1p- 1m )-2(1r- 1m )- 1m or v2-2-2- 1m , r1ap; p1ap; d0-2-1p or d0-1p-1p; III v2-2-2- 1m ; p1ap or p1-0; r1ap; d1-2-1r or d0-2-1r; IV v2-0-2-2-2- 1m , p1-2-0-1ap or p1r-1p-1r-1p-2, r1ap or r0-1r-1, d2ap; tarsus II v2sa; r0-1; III v0-2-2 or v0-1p-2, p0-1; r0-1; IV v0-2-0, r0-2-2 or r0-0-1-1, p0-1-0. Palp with patellar apophysis short and thick ( Fig. 14B–C ); MLT apex partially sclerotized and well developed ( Fig. 14C ). Pars pendula thickening subdistal ( Fig. 14D ). Spermatic duct bent over its on axis ( Fig. 14B ). Female (IBSP 64628). Coloration: carapace brown; coxa to proximal half of the femur brown; distal half of femur and other leg segments pale brown; cephalic area, endites and chelicerae brown, slightly darker than thoracic area; opisthosoma brown. Total length: 5.25. Carapace: length 2.52, width 1.68, height 1.32. Opisthosoma: length 2.94, width 2.16. Clypeus: height 0.15. Eye diameters and interdistances:AME 0.09; ALE 0.14; PME 0.11; PLE 0.1; AME–AME 0.09; AME–ALE 0.11; ALE–PLE 0.05; PLE–PME 0.19; PME–PME 0.18; AME–PME 0.11. Paturon: 1.2 long. Leg measurements: I: femur 1.9/ patella 0.83/ tibia 1.55/ metatarsus 1.45/ tarsus 0.73/ total 6.43; II 1.76/ 0.84/ 1.47/ 1.22/ 0.78/ 6.07; III 1.48/ 0.81/ 1.0/ 0.91/ 0.63/ 4.83; IV 1.85/ 0.8/ 1.56/ 1.32/ 0.64/ 6.17. Leg formula: 1423. Leg spines: absent. Copulatory ducts close together, far from copulatory openings and converging toward middle ( Fig. 14F ). Extra lobe of spermathecae short ( Fig. 14F ) FIGURE 14. A–F. Goeldia luteipes ( Keyserling, 1891 ) . A–D: male, left palp; E–F: female epigynum: A. Tegular process frontal view. B. Palp ventral view; C. Tibia and patella, dorsal view; D. Retrolateral view. E. Epigynum ventral view; F. Vulva, dorsal view. Variation . Length ( 10 ♂ ): total: 5.20–6.63; carapace: 2.30–3.00; femur I: 1.70–2.88. ( 10 ♀ ): total 4.10–5.95; carapace 2.05–2.65; femur I 1.38–1.84. Distribution . Venezuela , Brazil , Bolivia , Argentina , and Uruguay ( Fig. 27 ).