Numerous new records of tropical non-indigenous species in the Eastern Mediterranean highlight the challenges of their recognition and identification Author Albano, Paolo G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9876-1024 Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria pgalbano@gmail.com Author Steger, Jan Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria Author Bakker, Piet A. J. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333, CR Leiden, The Netherlands Author Bogi, Cesare Gruppo Malacologico Livornese, c / o Museo di Storia Naturale del Mediterraneo, via Roma 234, 57127, Livorno, Italy Author Bosnjak, Marija Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria & Croatian Natural History Museum, Demetrova 1, Zagreb, Croatia Author Guy-Haim, Tamar National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel Author Huseyinoglu, Mehmet Fatih Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Kyrenia, Karakum, Girne, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Author LaFollette, Patrick I. Malacology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA Author Lubinevsky, Hadas National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel Author Mulas, Martina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9228-786X National Institute of Oceanography, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR), Haifa 3108001, Israel & The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel Author Stockinger, Martina Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria Author Azzarone, Michele Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria Author Sabelli, Bruno Museo di Zoologia dell'Universita di Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy text ZooKeys 2021 2021-01-13 1010 1 95 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759 1313-2970-1010-1 45DF30C9AEB448AAAC32BBE77CB7191D D317557D854C577289AA424187C079D2 Dikoleps micalii Agamennone, Sbrana, Nardi, Siragusa & Germana , 2020 Figure 2 New records. Israel • 4 spcms; Haifa Bay; 32.8211°N , 35.0196°E ; depth 11 m; 2 Aug. 2015; soft substrate; grab; NM project (samples HM27(a) and HM27(c)); size of largest specimen: H 0.7 mm, W 0.7 mm. Remarks. This species has been recently described from sediment collected in 2016 at 33-45 m depth at Karpathos and Samos islands in the eastern Aegean Sea ( Agamennone et al. 2020b ). The authors discussed but declined the possibility that this is a Lessepsian species, but one of us (BS) observed non-distinguishable specimens from the Red Sea and we received reports of further indistinguishable specimens from the Persian (Arabian) Gulf (H. Dekker, pers. comm., November 2020). This is the first record for Israel; all specimens were live collected. Figure 2. Dikoleps micalii Agamennone, Sbrana, Nardi, Siragusa & Germana , 2020, Haifa Bay, Israel: front ( A ) and apical ( B ) views, umbilicus ( C ), microsculpture of body whorl ( D ), apical view of protoconch ( E ) and microsculpture of the base ( F ). Photograph courtesy A. Bonfitto. Scale bars: 0.2 mm ( A-C ); 0.05 mm ( D-F ).