A new species of Cribrarula (Gastropoda: Cypraeidae) from New South Wales, Australia Author Moretzsohn, Fabio text Zootaxa 2002 2002-10-21 85 1 1 16 https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.85.1.1 journal article 5526 10.11646/zootaxa.85.1.1 38f78e6b-c573-4b3b-b5f9-1b678e422d19 1175­5334 5014155 C25B76B3-853A-4B1C-83DF-E4DF625802B8 Cribrarula gravida Moretzsohn new species ( Figs. 1­6 , 22 ) Type material: Holotype ( Figs. 1­6 , 22 ) deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney, AMS C. 91000 (length 35.15 mm , width 22.10 mm , height 18.25 mm , 20 columellar and 21 labral teeth, umbilicus (spire region) diameter 6.20 mm ; see Table 1 for additional measurements and comparison with other material). The radula of the holotype was prepared and mounted on two SEM stubs and deposited at the AMS ( AMS C. 91000). Two samples of genomic DNA obtained from the holotype’s dried tissue were deposited in the tissue collection of the Australian Museum's Evolutionary Biology Unit (EBU # 11517 and 11518). Additionally, a cast of the holotype shell made from a protective coat of clear nail polish ( Fig. 28 ) (used to protect the shell during tissue digestion with a protease) was also deposited with the holotype ( AMS C. 91000). Type locality: Fish Rock , south side, 2 km SE of Smoky Cape , New South Wales , Australia , 30 56.4’S , 153 5.9’E ( Fig. 27 ), collected at 18 m depth outside a cave . Diagnosis: Large inflated pyriform shell, rostrate extremities, with large elliptical dorsal spots, no marginal spots, columellar teeth thicker than in other congeneric species, flared dorsal anterior extremity. Description Shell ( Figs.1­6 ): The shell of the holotype is large for the genus ( 35.15 mm in length), pyriform in dorsal profile, with produced extremities ( Fig. 1 ) and thick marginal calluses. The base and labrum are convex ( Figs. 4­6 ), and the shell is considerably inflated dorsoventrally (shell width/length ratio is 62.9%, and height/width ratio 82.6%). The aperture is slightly constricted at the center (minimum width is 2.10 mm , maximum width 2.70 mm ), and curved to the left. Labral teeth (21) are thick, extending about 64% of the labrum width ( Fig. 3 ). Columellar teeth (20) are thicker than those on shells of most congeneric species, not extending far onto the base, but reaching deeply into the aperture, and forming distinctly ribbed fossula and peristome. Both the fossula and peristome are sloped, concave, and wide. The terminal ridge is long, thick, and nearly parallel to the labrum’s anterior extremity. The gap between the terminal ridge and anterior columellar teeth is similar in width to neighboring intertooth spaces. The base, labral and columellar margins and extremities are white. The white marginal calluses obliterate the dorsal pattern up to about half of the shell height on each side ( Figs. 2, 4 ). There are no marginal spots ( Figs 2, 4 ) (common on the shells of most species of Cribrarula , but rare in shells of C. cribraria ). The labrum is thick, keeled and forming a marginal sulcus near the extremities ( Fig. 1 ). The anterior region of the labrum is declivous towards the aperture ( Fig. 6 ), and the labral margin is upturned at the center ( Figs. 5, 6 ). Both the labral and columellar marginal calluses are irregular, forming slightly crenulated margins ( Fig. 3 ). The dorsum is distinctly convex, its highest point about 23.4 mm from the anterior extremity (67% of the shell length). The dorsum is light brown, densely peppered with 88 off­white elliptical spots of variable size (ranging in maximum diameter from 2.80 to 3.50 mm ) ( Fig. 1 ). The dorsal spots are not very distinct, and there are no darker rings around the dorsal spots. The dorsal line is not well defined, but there are patches with overlaid “double exposure” ( sensu Savazzi, 1998 ) pigmented layers along a region corresponding to the dorsal line ( Figs 1, 2 ). There are also smaller patches of overlaid pigmented layers on other parts of the dorsum. The dorsal line region forms an angle of about 40º with the base of the shell (dorsal line angle) when seen from the anterior canal ( Fig. 6 ). The dorsal coat produced by both lobes of the mantle is similar in color, but the dorsal spots produced by the right mantle lobe are slightly smaller than those produced by the left lobe ( Fig. 2 vs. Fig. 1 ). The umbilicus (spire region) is wide (c. 6.2 mm in diameter) and slightly umbilicated ( Fig. 5 ). The extremities are rostrated, and both anterior and posterior canals have thick margins ( Figs. 5, 6 ). The dorsal part of the anterior canal is flared up ( Figs. 2, 4 ). Animal: The animal was dried inside the shell, with part of the mantle showing inside the aperture, the mantle bore apparently simple papillae: short, finger­like in the dry state, similar to those of other species of Cribrarula . Radula ( Fig. 22 ): The radula of C. gravida sp. nov. is a typical radula of Cribrarula (the ‘Cicercula’ pattern of Bradner and Kay, 1996:125­147 ). The central tooth has two rounded basal denticles (left arrow in Fig. 22 ). The outer marginal teeth have a small projection (right arrow in Fig. 22 ) near the outer margin that was not seen in radulae of other species of Cribrarula . The average size of the central tooth of C. gravida sp. nov. was 108.4 x 93.55 m (n= 18), and central tooth L/W ratio was 1.19 (n= 14) in C. gravida sp. nov. The radular ribbon had an average width of 595 m , with an average 11.4 rows of teeth per mm of radula (n=4). Odontophore cartilage: The pair of odontophore cartilages conforms to that of congeneric species: falciform elongated, with a spongy texture, and cream in color, except that it is larger, about double of the size of the odontophores of other species in Cribrarula (estimated at about four mm long). FIGURES 1-21. 1-6) Holotype of Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. from NSW, Australia (AMS C. 91000); 1) dorsal view, with posterior extremity up; 2) labral side view; 3) ventral view; 4) columellar side view; 5) view of the anterior extremity, and 6) view of the posterior extremity; 7) pigmented shell of C. cribraria melwardi from Queensland, Australia (AMS C. 363556); 8-13) holotype of C. cribraria melwardi , from Queensland (AMS C. 57743); 14) large shell of C. cribraria (usually identified as zadela ”) from Cebu, Philippines (USNM 773378); 15-20) typical shell of C. cribraria cribraria from Queensland (AMS C. 81677); and 21) inflated shell of C. gaskoini from Hawaii (CMB 8-37). Scale bar is 10 mm. Arrows in the figures (13, 16-20) show the following characters: CMC= columellar marginal callus; CT= columellar teeth; DL= dorsal line; DLA= dorsal line angle; FS= fossula; MSu= marginal sulcus; and TR= terminal ridge. FIGURES 22­25. Scanning electron micrographs of radulae: 22 ) Cribrarula gravida sp. nov. , holotype (AMS C. 91000), New South Wales, Australia ­ arrows point to two differences from other radulae shown here (see discussion); 23 ) C. cribraria melwardi (DMNH 31496), Swinger Reef, Queensland, Australia; 24 ) C. cribraria cribraria (USNM 773496), Mamanuca Group, Fiji; and 25 ) C. cribraria cribraria (melanic) (ANSP 271247), Baie Ouemo, New Caledonia. TABLE 1. Comparison of shell characters, showing average figures or most common conditions.

gravida sp. nov.	crib. cri­ braria	crib. exmouthensis	crib. mel­ wardi	esontropia	fallax	gaskoini
Shell shape	Pyriform, inflated	Ovate, not inflated	Pyriform­ rhomboidal	Ovate cal­ lous	Oval to rhomboidal	Pyriform, somewhat inflated	Ovate cal­ lous
Shell length (Ave/ range)	35.2	22.5/ 11­45	23.0/ 14­42	21.7/ 15­26	23.2/ 12­32	31.3/ 20­36	17.3/ 10­30
Marginal calluses	Callused	Some shells callused	Some shells very callused	Very callused	Very callused	Somewhat callused	Some shells very cal­ lused
Marginal spots (Color/ Ave. No.)	No spots	No spots	No spots	No spots	Light brown/ 20	No spots	Brown/ 27
Columellar teeth (Ave./ thickness)	20, medium	18.2, fine	15.7, medium­ fine	16.1, medium­fine	17.2, fine­ medium	23.6, fine	17.5, fine
Labral teeth (Ave/ thickness.)	21, thick	17.2, medium	16.2, medium	16.3, medium	16.1, me­ dium­thick	21.9, medium	17.7, fine­ medium
Dorsal coat color	Light brown	Orange brown to brown	Brown to dark brown	White to light brown	Light to medium brown	Light to dark yellow	Orange brown
Shell extremities	Rostrated	Slightly ros­ trated	Slightly ros­ trated	Blunt	Slightly ros­ trated	Rostrated	Slightly ros­ trated
Fossula	Sloped, con­ cave	Steep, con­ cave	Abrupt, flat	Steep, con­ cave	Steep, flat	Sloped, con­ cave	Steep, con­ cave
Umbilicus diame­ ter (Ave in mm)	6.2/ slightly umbilicated	2.8/ umbili­ cated	3.3/ umbili­ cated	3.4/ umbili­ cated	3.2/ umbili­ cated	4.6/ umbili­ cated	2.7/ umbilicated
Dorsal flare (ante­ rior extremity)	Flared	Flared	Most shells flared	Convex in most shells	Some shells flared	Not flared	Flared
No. Dorsal Spots (DS) (Ave./range)	88	50/ 25­120	42/ 35­77	28/ 0­90	70/ 45­190	50/ 35­75	65/ 45­170
DS shape/ min.­ max. diameter	Elliptical/ 2.8­3.5	Round/ 1.2­2.2	Elliptical/ 1.1­2.3	Round­irreg­ ular/ 0.7­1.2	Round­ellip­ tical/ 1.0­2.1	Elliptical/ 1.3­2.4	Round/ 0.6­1.1
DS density/ sharpness	High /not sharp	Medium/ sharp	High/not sharp	Medium /not sharp	High/sharp	Low­ medium/not sharp	Medium to high/sharp
Schilders formula	35.63.19.18	22.58.18.19	23.61.17.16	22.63.17.17	23.62.16.18	31.59.20.22	17.64.20.20
New formula	35.2/ 62.9/ 6.2/ 2.0/ 0	22.5/ 58.2/ 3.3/ 1.3/ 0.1	23.0/ 60.6/ 3.3/ 1.7/ 0	21.7/ 63.2/ 3.4/ 1.8/ 0	23.2/ 62.0/ 3.2/ 1.3/ 2.1	31.3/ 59.4/ 4.5/ 1.0/ 0	17.3/ 63.2/ 2.6/ 1.1/ 1.3

Schilders’ formula: 35.63.19.18. The figures represent the following values for the holotype of C. gravida sp. nov. : 1) shell length in mm (rounded up or down to closest integer); 2) shell width­length ratio as percent; 3) number of labral teeth; and 4) number of columellar teeth (both tooth counts are “reduced” ( Schilder and Schilder 1938 ­1939: 123­ 124), representing the equivalent number of teeth in a hypothetical shell of 25 mm in length. The transformation is the following: Number of reduced teeth = 7 + (absolute tooth count – 7) (25/shell length) New formula: 35.2/ 62.9/ 6.2/ 2.0/ 0. The figures represent the following values for the holotype of C. gravida sp. nov. : 1) shell length in mm; 2) shell width­length ratio as percent; 3) umbilicus (spire region) diameter in mm; 4) relative columella teeth thickness; and 5) labral spot size (Moretzsohn, in prep. E). Etymology: The epithet gravida is a noun in apposition, derived from the Portuguese, meaning pregnant, alluding to the inflated shell of the holotype . I dedicate this species to my wife, Heather, who was pregnant with our daughter Olivia when I first became convinced that this was an undescribed species.