Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) Author Garbino, Guilherme S. T. Pós-graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil Author Lim, Burton K. Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada Author Tavares, Valéria Da C. Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN / DSE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58059 - 900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil text Zootaxa 2020 2020-09-07 4846 1 1 93 journal article 20998 10.11646/zootaxa.4846.1.1 2c8355fa-af80-4a52-be9a-a3c36a99bb19 1175-5326 4017497 6F6EBF63-5598-416C-8694-14C4A8687693 C. v. villosum Peters, 1860 Synonyms: Chiroderma villosum Peters, 1860:748 ; type locality “Brasilia.” Chiroderma villosa Jones, 1951: 224 ; incorrect gender concordance. Chiroderma villosum villosum : Handley, 1960:466 ; first use of current name combination. Chiroderma trinitatum : Pirlot, 1972: 76 , not Chiroderma trinitatum Goodwin, 1958 . Chiroderma sp. Nowak, 1994: 160 . Chiroderma salvini Nowak, 1994: 160 , not Chiroderma salvini Dobson, 1878 . Chiroderma [sp.] Czaplewski & Cartelle, 1998: 794 . see Garbino & Tavares (2018a) Chiroderma salvini : Medina et al. , 2015: 204 , not Chiroderma salvini Dobson, 1878 . Chiroderma salvini : Rocha et al. , 2016: 573 ; not Chiroderma salvini Dobson, 1878 . Chiroderma salvini : Maas et al. , 2018: 672 ; not Chiroderma salvini Dobson, 1878 . Distribution and Habitat. The nominal subspecies, C. v. villosum , is known from the tropical region of cis-Andean South America. The taxon has been recorded in Colombia , Venezuela , Trinidad and Tobago , Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana, Brazil , Ecuador , Perú , and Bolivia ( Fig. 28 ). The southern limit of the subspecies is in the Brazilian state of Paraná (not mapped; Reis et al. 1998 ). The subspecies occurs in a wide variety of environments, including humid and seasonal forests (e.g. Amazonia, Atlantic rainforest), flooded plains (e.g. Pantanal, Llanos), and dry formations (e.g. Caatinga, Cerrado) ( Handley 1976 ; Gregorin et al. 2008 ; Luz et al. 2011 ; Fischer et al. 2015 ). C. v. villosum apparently tolerates some habitat disturbance, as it occurs in small forest fragments and urban areas ( Nogueira & Peracchi 2003 ; Ferreira et al. 2010 ; Nunes et al. 2017 ). Chiroderma villosum villosum occurs from sea level to approximately 1,000 m . In Venezuela , 99% of the specimens of C. v. villosum were captured below 500 m ( Handley 1976 ). In the Peruvian Amazonia (Madre de Dios), the species was recorded between 340 and 950 m ( Solari et al. 2006 ).