Order Carnivora Author Wilson, Don E. Author Reeder, DeeAnn text 2005 The Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1 532 628 book chapter 0-8018-8221-4 10.5281/zenodo.7316519 Canis lupus subsp. occidentalis Richardson 1829 Synonyms: Canis lupus subsp. sticte Richardson 1829 ; Canis lupus subsp. ater Richardson 1829 .