One new genus and two new species of the spider family Phrurolithidae (Arachnida, Araneae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Southwest China
Author
Liu, Keke
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7822-3667
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
Author
Ying, Yuanhao
College of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
Author
Li, Shuqiang
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-5416
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
lisq@ioz.ac.cn
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-08-11
1117
71
94
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1117.89211
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1117.89211
1313-2970-1117-71
6D5ED7FEC48B423992CECB6165708939
E07E2EE2174F512BA307A8F676A0F517
Edelithus Liu & Li
gen. nov.
Type species.
Edelithus shenmiguo
Liu & Li sp. nov. by designation herein.
Diagnosis.
The new genus differs from
Labialithus
Kamura, 2021 (see
Kamura 2021
: figs 9F-J, 10B, C) by the small PME with indistinct black pigment around the eye cup (vs large PME with clear pigment around the eye cup in
Labialithus
) (Figs
1D
,
4C
,
6D
,
11D
), the femora I with one dorsal spine (vs absent in
Labialithus
) and three prolateral spines (vs one in
Labialithus
) (Figs
1F
,
4F
,
6F
,
8A
,
11F
) and the metatarsi III-IV lacking ventral spines (vs usually with two pairs in
Labialithus
), the male scutum covering nearly 1/2 of abdomen (vs more than 2/3 in
Labialithus
) and by the palpal tibia with a dorsal apophysis (vs absent in
Labialithus
). It can be separated from
Otacilia
(see
Wang et al. 2015
: fig. 14A;
Liu et al. 2022
: suppl. 2, figs 72, 74, 75, 77-79, 81, 82, 84, 85, 87, 88, 90, 91, 93-96, 98, 99, 101-105, 107-109, 111, 113, 114, 116-118, 120, 124, 137, 141) by the light abdomen lacking dark stripes (vs present in
Otacilia
) (Figs
1A
,
4A
,
6A
,
11A
), femora II lacking prolateral spine (in most specimens) or with one prolateral spine (in the few specimens) (vs 2-4 spines in
Otacilia
) (Figs
1G
,
4G
,
6G
,
8C
,
11G
), the palpal femur with a weakly protruded ventral apophysis (vs moderately or strongly protruded in
Otacilia
) (Figs
2
,
3
,
9
,
10
) and the small, short embolus (vs relatively large hook-shaped or spine-like embolus) (Figs
2
,
3
,
9
,
10
). Male of this genus can be easily distinguished from
Phrurolithus
(see
Wang et al. 2015
: fig. 15C-E;
Zamani and Marusik 2020
: figs 4A-C, E, F, 7A-E) by the scutum covering nearly 1/2 of abdomen (vs nearly entire abdomen in
Phrurolithus
) (Figs
1A
,
6A
) and by the palpal tibia with a dorsal apophysis (vs absent
Phrurolithus
) (Figs
2D
,
3H
,
9E
,
10I
). Females of this genus can be separated from the genus
Labialithus
by the very small, widely separated copulatory openings without atrium (vs relatively large, slightly separated copulatory openings with distinct atrium) (Figs
5
,
12
). Furthermore,
Edelithus
spp. differ from some phrurolithid genera by the tarsal claws lacking tooth (Fig.
8B, D, I
), while present in
Acrolithus
and
Aculithus
Liu & Li, 2022 with three teeth, in
Alboculus
with two teeth, and in
Grandilithus
and
Otacilia
with four teeth (see Liu et al. 2020a: fig. 5J;
Liu et al. 2022
: figs 4C, D, G, H, L, P, 38D, E, H, K, O, 122B, C, E, I, M), but in
Phrurolithus
only with degenerated and inconspicuous blunt teeth (
Ramirez
2014
: fig. 75E).
Figure 1.
Edelithus shenmiguo
sp. nov., male
A
habitus, dorsal view
B
same, ventral view
C
same, lateral view
D
carapace, dorsal view, white arrow to cheliceral spine, black arrow to oval posterior median eyes without black annulations
E
same, ventral view
F
leg I, prolateral view, black arrows to prolateral spines on femur
G
leg II, white arrow to prolateral spine on femur. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (
A, B, D-G
), 0.5 mm (
C
).
Etymology.
The name is a combination of the first three letters of "
edentatus
" (referring to the tarsal claws lacking tooth) and the latter half of
Phrurolithus
. The gender is masculine.
Description.
Small, body length 1.0-2.5. Eyes (Figs
1D
,
4C
,
6D
,
7A
,
11D
): AER straight and PER procurved in dorsal view, AME clearly smaller than other eyes, PME with indistinct black pigment around eye cups, smaller than ALE and PLE, nearly separated by their diameter. Chelicera (Figs
1D
,
4A
,
6D
,
7A, B
,
11D
) with one frontal strong spine, three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Legs without annulations and stripes. Femora I-IV with one dorsal spine each (Figs
1F, G
,
4F, G
,
6F, G
,
8A, C
,
11F, G
), femur I with three prolateral spines, and femur II with one prolateral spine or none, tibiae I and II with six pairs of ventral spines; metatarsi I and II with tour pairs of ventral spines. Scutum (Figs
1A
,
6A
) covers nearly 1/2 of abdomen in males, but absent in females (Figs
4A
,
11A
).
Male palp
(Figs
2
,
3
,
9
,
10
): femur with a weak ventral extension; tibia with two well-developed apophyses, retrolateral apophysis very thick, as long as or shorter than tibia, dorsal apophysis hook-shaped, shorter than the retrolateral one; tegulum with a leaf-shaped subdistal apophysis and a blunt retrolateral apophysis; embolus short, shorter than subdistal tegular apophysis, with a round sperm pore, touching subdistal tegular apophysis.
Figure 2.
Edelithus shenmiguo
sp. nov., male palps
A
holotype, prolateral view
B
same, ventral view
C
same, retrolateral view
D
same, dorsal view
E
paratype, prolateral view
F
same, ventral view
G
same, retrolateral view
H, I
tegulum, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: DTA - dorsal tibial apophysis, Em - embolus, FA - femoral apophysis, rTA - retrolateral tegular apophysis, RTA - retrolateral tibial apophysis, SD - sperm duct, sTA - subdistal tegular apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Epigyne
(Figs
5
,
12
) with a pair of small copulatory openings, located posteriorly or subposteriorly; median septum absent or located posteriorly; bursae large, covering nearly 1/2 of epigynal plate, anteriorly located.
Composition.
Edelithus puer
sp. nov. and
E. shenmiguo
sp. nov.
Distribution.
China (Yunnan Province).