Benthic megafauna of the western Clarion-Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
Author
Bribiesca-Contreras, Guadalupe
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8163-8724
Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, UK
l.bribiesca-contreras@nhm.ac.uk
Author
Dahlgren, Thomas G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6854-2031
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden & Norwegian Research Centre, NORCE, Bergen, Norway
Author
Amon, Diva J.
SpeSeas, D'Abadie, Trinidad and Tobago
Author
Cairns, Stephen
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7209-9271
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., USA
Author
Drennan, Regan
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-5464
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Durden, Jennifer M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-9109
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Eleaume, Marc P.
Collections & Research, Western Australia Museum, Perth, Australia
Author
Hosie, Andrew M.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5683-662X
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Author
Kremenetskaia, Antonina
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8851-3318
School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
Author
McQuaid, Kirsty
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0395-8332
Museums Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
Author
O'Hara, Timothy D.
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Rabone, Muriel
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-2313
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
Author
Simon-Lledo, Erik
UMR ISYEB, Department Origines et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Author
Smith, Craig R.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3976-0889
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Watling, Les
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6901-1168
School of Life Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, USA
Author
Wiklund, Helena
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-3504
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Author
Glover, Adrian G.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-074X
National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK
text
ZooKeys
2022
2022-07-18
1113
1
110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
journal article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1113.82172
1313-2970-1113-1
EB46BF265F2E51B3A83799886C5F084A
Holascus stet. CCZ_078
Fig. 59
Material.
Clarion-Clipperton Zone •
1 specimen
; APEI 7;
5.0443°N
,
141.8162°W
;
48745 m
deep;
28 May. 2018
;
Smith
&
Durden
leg.;
GenBank
:
ON400700
(COI),
ON406636
(18S),
ON406613
(16S),
ON406599
(28S),
ON411256
(ALG11); NHMUK 2022.7; CCZ_078
.
Description.
Single specimen; lophophytous white sponge (Fig.
59A
). Band-like body, collar formed from thin wall with two large openings, with lower opening being larger than upper opening (Fig.
59B, C
). Body height of 4.8 cm, lower body diameter of 15.1 cm, and upper body diameter of 11.8 cm. basalia almost as long as the body height, protruding from the lower margin and anchoring it to the sediment (Fig.
59A
).
Figure 59.
Holascus
stet. CCZ_078
A
in situ image
B
lateral view of specimen before preservation
C
top view. Scale bars: 2 cm (
A
); 1 cm (
B
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
A
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
B, C
).
Remarks.
Morphological external characters are concordant with the description of
Holascus spinosus
Kersken, Janussen &
Martinez
Arbizu, 2019, which was described from the IOM area in the CCZ. The closest genetic matches on GenBank for the 16S correspond to species within the genus
Holascus
(2.1-3.5% genetic divergence), with the holotype of
Holascus spinosus
being the closest match (2.1% genetic divergence). There are no 18S sequences available for
H. spinosus
, but it is 0.23% divergent from another species within the genus,
H. euonyx
(Lendenfeld, 1915), from which it differs morphologically. In the phylogenetic tree it was recovered, with low support, as sister to
H. spinosus
(Fig.
54
), but 16S genetic divergence suggested these to be separate species.
Ecology.
This specimen was found anchored to abyssal sediments of APEI 7 at 4874 m depth.
Comparison with image-based catalogue.
A very similar
Holascus
sp. morphotype (i.e.,
Holascus
sp. indet., HEX_014) has been commonly encountered in seabed image surveys conducted across nodule fields areas of the eastern CCZ and in abyssal areas of the Kiribati EEZ.
Subfamily
Bolosominae
Tabachnick, 2002
Bolosominae
stet. CCZ_198
Fig.
60
Material.
Clarion-Clipperton Zone • 1 specimen; APEI 1;
11.2518°N
,
153.6053°W
; 5205 m deep; 10 Jun. 2018; Smith & Durden leg.; GenBank: ON400728 (COI), ON406637 (18S), ON406614 (16S), ON406600 (28S); NHMUK 2022.10; Voucher code: CCZ_198.
Description.
Single specimen; lophophytous white sponge (Fig.
60A, B
). Body is cup- to bell-shaped, slightly wider than long (L = 10 cm, W = 11 cm), with a long, slender stalk (L = 70 cm) anchored to soft sediment. Central osculum with thick body walls.
Figure 60.
Bolosominae
stet. CCZ_198
A, C
in situ images
B
specimen before preservation. Scale bars: 5 cm (
A, C
). Image attribution: Durden and Smith (
A, C
); Wiklund, Durden, Drennan, and McQuaid (
B
).
Remarks.
The closest match with the 18S sequence is the holotype of
Hyalostylus microfloricomus
Kersken, Janussen &
Martinez
Arbizu, 2019 (99.8%), described from the Heip Mountains in the GSR contract area in the CCZ at 3788 m depth (
Kersken et al. 2019
). However, in the phylogenetic tree (Fig.
54
) it was recovered in a well-supported clade representing the subfamily
Bolosominae
, but subclades were not well supported and hence the specimen is not attributed to any genera.
Ecology.
This specimen was collected on abyssal sediments of APEI 1 at 5205 m depth, and was anchored to the sediment.
Comparison with image-based catalogue.
A very similar stalked sponge morphotype (i.e.,
Hexactinellidae
ord. indet., HEX_026) has been encountered in seabed image surveys conducted at the eastern CCZ, but not in abyssal areas of
Kiribati's
EEZ. In seabed images, HEX_026 highly resembles
Hyalonema (Cyliconemaoida) campanula
Lendenfeld, 1915, as identified by
Kersken et al. (2019)
based on morphological traits observed in specimens encountered in the eastern CCZ.
Order
Sceptrulophora
Mehl, 1992
Family
Euretidae
Zittel, 1877
Subfamily
Chonelasmatinae
Schrammen, 1912