Three new species of EntolomasubgenusPouzarella from China based on morphological and molecular data Author He, Xiao-Lan Author Horak, Egon Author Wang, Di Author Peng, Wei-Hong Author Gan, Bing-Cheng text MycoKeys 2018 44 1 18 http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.24998 journal article http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.44.24998 1314-4049-44-1 Entoloma erectoides Xiao L. He & E. Horak sp. nov. Figs 1a, b, 2 Diagnosis. E. erectoides is distinguished by the greyish brown pileus covered with silvery fibrils, large basidiospores (13.5-17.5 x 8-9.5 µm ) and presence of ovoid to subutriform cheilocystidia. Type. CHINA. SICHUAN PROV.: Yajiang County, Gexigou National Nature Reserve, 29°33'N , 100°50'E , elevation ca. 2980 m, August 2014, He XL (SAAS 1232, holotype; ZT 14180, isotype). Etymology. Erectoides, refers to the suberect to erect fibrils on the pileus. Figure 1. Basidiomata of the new species. a, b E. erectoides (SAAS 1361, SAAS 1232) c, d E. griseocarpum (SAAS 951, SAAS 1328) e, f E. rubropilosum (SAAS 406, SAAS 1112). Description. Pileus 5-15 mm broad, bluntly conic, convex or campanulate, dry, slightly hygrophanous, greyish-brown to brown (5C2-5D2), densely covered with suberect fibrils or minutely fibrillose squamules; fibrils silvery greyish, striate from entire margin to near centre. Lamellae sinuate, ventricose, distant, up to 3.5 mm wide, moderately thick, with two tiers of lamellulae, dark grey to brownish-grey, with entire and concolorous edge. Stipe 40-60 x 1-2.5 mm, central, cylindrical, equal, dry, concolorous with pileus, densely covered with grey to greyish fibrils, hollow, surface dry, with a pale yellow brownish to pale brownish strigose base. Context thin, concolorous with pileus. Odour and taste not distinctive. Basidiospores (13-) 13.5-17.5 x 8-9.5 (-10.5) µm (x = 15.5 +/- 0.5 x 8.8 +/- 0.3 µm ), Q = 1.50-1.94 (Q = 1.72 +/- 0.03), heterodiametric, strongly angled in profile and face views with 6-9 facets, appearing nodulose, pale yellow brownish, thick-walled. Basidia 39-48 x 13-18 µm , subclavate or clavate, 4-spored. Aborted basidia scattered in the hymenium, often filled with dark brown amorphous cytoplasmic pigment. Lamellar trama dark brown, composed of parallel, cylindrical, heavily encrusted and thin-walled cells, 6-15 µm wide. Lamellar edge sterile. Cheilocystidia 33-90 x 12-33 µm , broadly ovoid to utriform (32-65 x 22-30 µm ) or lageniform (70-90 x 16-20 µm ), with pale brownish, intracellular pigment, slightly thick-walled. Pileipellis a trichoderm composed of clustered and suberect hyphae, walls externally encrusted with brown pigment; terminal cells 30-50 (-90) x 8-15 µm , cylindrical to slightly fusoid; subpellis composed of cylindrical, encrusted hyphae, up to 20 µm broad. Stipitipellis composed of thin-walled and pale yellowish-brown encrusted hyphae; terminal cells 40-80 x 9-15 µm , cylindrical to slender fusoid, walls encrusted with pale yellow-brown pigment. Oleiferous hyphae absent. Clamp connections absent. Habitat. Scattered or gregarious on soil and amongst leaf litter in broadleaf forest dominated by Quercus or on soil amongst decaying leaves of Betula , Pandus and Abies . Additional collections examined. CHINA. SICHUAN PROVINCE: CHINA: SICHUAN PROV. Yajiang County, Gexigou National Nature Reserve, 29°33'N , 100°50'E , elevation ca. 2980 m, 24 July 2013, He X.L. (SAAS 945). JILIN PROV.: Antu County, Changbai Mountains, 42°10'N , 127°55'E , elevation ca. 750 m, 25 August 2014, He X.L. (SAAS 1361). Comments. Morphologically, Entoloma erectoides is a member of section Dysthales . In literature, a few species in section Dysthales are described having silvery fibrils or squamules on pileus and stipe. Accordingly, E. erectoides can be confused with the Argentinean E. calileguense Blanco-Dios (as Pouzarella variabilis T.J. Baroni, Alberto , Niveiro & B. E. Lechner in Baroni et al. 2012 ). Both species have silvery greyish-brown erect fibrils or squamules on the pileus and stipe. However, the latter species is easily separated by the much larger basidiospores (16-23.5 x 10-12 μm , Baroni et al. 2012 ). E. farinosum (Largent & Skye Moore) Noordel. & G.M. Gates, reported from Australia, differs by globose or nearly napiform cheilocystidia ( Largent et al. 2011 ). In addition, this taxon is separated from E. erectoides by molecular evidence. E. tenuissimum T.H. Li & Xiao-Lan He, also recorded from China, is distinguished by the smaller and slimmer basidiomes and taxonomically is also distinctly different based on molecular analysis ( He et al. 2013 ). E. argenteolanatum (T.J. Baroni, Perd.- Sanch . & S.A. Cantrell) Noordel. & Co-David was found on decaying leaves of tropical trees and shrubs in the Dominican Republic and is characterised by denser and longer silvery fibrils and the place of discovery in the Caribbean on the island of Hispaniola ( Baroni et al. 2008 ). The other grey-brown species with silvery fibrils in section Versatile could be distinguished by the innately fibrillose pileus and stipe and colourless hymenial cystidia. Figure 2. Microscopic structures of E. erectoides (drawn from the holotype). a Cheilocystidia b Basidiospores c Pileipellis.